1. Mutations and DNA TEchnology
Review Activity

2. Question 1
What are the two main categories of mutations?

3. Answer 1
Gene Mutations
Chromosomal Mutations

4. Question 2
List the two types of Gene Mutations

5. Answer 2
Gene Mutations
Point Mutation
Frameshift Mutations

6. Question 2a
List the four types of Chromosomal Mutations.

7. ANSWER 2A Chromosomal Mutations Deletion Duplication Inversion
Translocation

8. Question 3 What kind of mutation is shown below? Example:
Normal: A C T G T T A G C T A
Mutated: A C T G T A A G C T A

9. Answer 3 Point Mutation Example: Normal: A C T G T T A G C T A
Mutated: A C T G T A A G C T A

10. Question 4 What kind of mutation is shown below? THC ATA TET HER AT
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
THC ATA TET HER AT

11. Answer 4
Deletion- Frameshift
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
THC ATA TET HER AT

12. Question 5
What type of mutation is shown in the image below?

13. Answer 5

14. Question 6
What type of mutation is shown in the image below?

15. Answer 6
Translocation

16. Question 7
Agents in the environment that can change DNA are called ____________.

17. Answer 7
Mutagens

18. Question 8
Provide 3 examples of mutagens.

19. Answer 8
Pesticides

20. Question 9
Depending on the type, mutations can be ____________, harmful, or ___________.

21. Answer 9
helpful, harmful, or neutral

22. Question 10
What is the name of the pesticide that was proven to have caused the decline of the bald eagle population during the 1970s?

23. Answer 10
DDT

24. Question 12
What is genetic engineering?

25. Answer 12
Genetic Engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms.

26. Question 13
Identify two uses for biotechnology?

27. Answer 13 Cure diseases Treat genetic disorders Improve food crops
Improve the lives of humans.
Pharmaceutical products (ex. A bacteria is used to produce human insulin)
Vaccines – safer and more effective
Pest resistance
Increase agricultural yields (Crop plants are bigger, prettier, pest resistant, etc)

28. Question 14
What do scientists use in genetic engineering to do the cutting of genes?

29. Answer 14
Restriction Enzymes

30. Question 15
When the DNA from one organism is combined with the DNA from another, the resulting genetic material is called ___________ _____.

31. Answer 15
Recombinant DNA

32. Question 16
People have been using ________ ________ for 1000’s of years with farm crops and domesticated animals. (It’s used to pick desirable traits.)

33. Answer 16
Selective Breeding

34. Question 17
What does GMO(s) stand for?
Give an example.

35. Answer 17 Bt corn (contains DNA from bacteria)
Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs)
Bt corn (contains DNA from bacteria)

36. Question 18
___________ describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue, or organism.

37. Answer 18
Cloning

38. Question 19
What technique is shown in the picture on the right and is used to separate DNA fragments according to their size?

39. Answer 19
Gel Electrophoresis

40. Question 20
From scientists all around the world worked to map out and identify every gene on every chromosome found in humans. What was this called?

41. Answer 20
Human Genome Project

42. QUESTION 21
The process that removes DNA from a cell is called ___________________.

43. Answer 21
extraction

44. Question 22
A small ring of DNA in bacteria is called a ______________.

45. Answer 22
Plasmid

46. Question 23
Why are plasmids important in genetic variation for bacteria?

47. Answer 23
They provide certain advantages to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance or fertility (ability to sexually reproduce).