1. Lab Ex 57: Urinalysis

2. pH = 4.6 – 8.0
Normal pH is within this range
Average = 6

3. Specific Gravity = 1.003 – 1.035 Normal SG is within this range
This is the “density” of the liquid.
Water = 1.000
1.003 = dilute
1.035 = concentrated

4. Urochrome / urobilin
Oxidized form of urobilinogen, which is yellow and causes normal urine color

5. Unorganized sediments (crystals)

6. Renal calculus

7. Organized sediments

8. WBCs (pus) An occasional WBC is normal
Both of these samples are abnormal

9. RBCs
An occasional RBC is normal
Both of these samples are abnormal

10. Epithelial cells
Usually normal

11. Casts Waxy = renal failure Granular = cause varies
Hyaline = usually normal

12. Centrifuge

13. Urine dipsticks

14. Urinometer

15. Sedi-stain