1. Session 231 Comparative Emergency Management Session 23 Slide Deck

2. Session 232 Session Objective 1.Explain the Most Common Categories of Recovery Assistance Provided in the Aftermath of Major Disasters

3. Session 233 Shelter and Housing Differences in damage and destruction due to: Construction materials Construction type and adherence to safety codes Structure age and maintenance Soil makeup Physical and geographic location Elevation Proximity to the hazard source Geological processes (e.g., liquifaction)

4. Session 234 Shelter and Housing Three Categories of Damage: –Damaged, but requiring only simple repairs –Damaged, but requiring major repairs –Damaged beyond repair or destroyed Housing Triage

5. Session 235 Shelter and Housing Interim Shelter Options –Congregate shelters –Travel trailers / Manufactured homes –Rental Markets –Hotels –Tents

6. Session 236 Shelter and Housing Congregate Shelter Problems –Displacement –Loss of the structures normal use (e.g., school used as a shelter) –Environmental impacts of dense unplanned settlement –Permanence of slums –Example – Italy / Turkey

7. Session 237 Shelter and Housing Planning Considerations –Site Selection –Wraparound Services –Building Materials and Design Selection –Owner-Driven vs. Outside Construction –Property Rights and Other Legal Matters

8. Session 238 Site Selection Rebuilding on the Same Site –Community integrity maintained –Livelihoods maintained –Motivation to recover –Infrastructure exists Relocate –No need to remove rubble before rebuilding –Proximity to hazard can be increased

9. Session 239 Wraparound Services Those facets of society that allow an individual, and likewise, the society as a whole, to survive and to function effectively Examples –Food and commodity markets –Educational facilities –Healthcare facilities –Transportation systems and access –Utilities –Employment –Religious and social communities

10. Session 2310 Building Materials / Design What kinds of structures built What materials used Decisions must be more than cost-based Styles and materials must: –Be culturally acceptable –Accommodate new risk information Sources of materials: –Debris (recycled) –Local –Outside

11. Session 2311 Owner-Driven vs. Outside Construction Five primary options: –Owner Driven Construction –Government Driven Construction –Donor Driven Construction –Contractor Driven Construction –A combination of the above players

12. Session 2312 Property Rights and Other Legal Matters Property ownership –Access to title/deed –Destruction of government records –Can be established through community memory –Informal settlements present problems Holistic recovery planning is possible through legal control of recovery –Moratorium –Easing of laws or policies

13. Session 2313 Infrastructure the basic facilities and services needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems and water and power lines

14. Session 2314 Infrastructure Components Transportation Energy Communication Health Government Flood control Education Water (treatment, delivery, and waste) Commerce and banking

15. Session 2315 Infrastructure Improvement Modernization Expansion Increase efficiency Reduction in risk

16. Session 2316 Infrastructure Issues for Consideration Component prioritization and rate of recovery Ownership Sources of infrastructure reconstruction expertise Reconstruction labor and materials Access to infrastructure Hazard risk reduction

17. Session 2317 Physical Recovery Illnesses and injuries Physical trauma to victims Health infrastructure sees increased demand Coincides with reduced capacity / deficit of technical skills and expertise Shortage of equipment, supplies, prosthetics, medicineand equipment

18. Session 2318 Illness and Disease Pre-existing diseases become poorly maintained, because of: –Vectors –Reduced physical resilience –Increased transmission –Vaccination gaps Epidemiological surveillance is required

19. Session 2319 Most Vulnerable Groups (Health) Children and adolescents The elderly Pregnant women or mothers of infants Single parent households People with pre-existing diseases –HIV/AIDS –Kidney disease –Cancer People with disabilities Displaced people Poor people

20. Session 2320 Nutrition Reasons for a poor diet: –Financial problems –Severed supply chains –Psychological trauma –Lack of time Diet linked to disease

21. Session 2321 Psychosocial Care Trauma experienced by: –Adults / Parents –Children –Responders As a result of: –Experiencing fear of injury/death –Hopelessness –Loss –Lack of control –Victimization of secondary intentional hazard –Witnessing pain or death –Displacement –Cultural losses –Loss of routine –Unemployment

22. Session 2322 Psychosocial Options Mental health counseling Strengthening and support of traditional and social networks Resumption of religious services and the repair or reconstruction of religious facilities and institutions Resumption of normal routines Reunification of families Remembrance (museums, memorials)

23. Session 2323 Cultural Recovery Disasters can devastate/destroy culture –Historic buildings –Art –Clothing –Landmarks Loss of culture is a loss of identity

24. Session 2324 Economic Recovery / Livelihoods Lost resources, production, jobs, business opportunities, heavy government expenditures Economic recovery tied to the resumption of jobs –Local businesses must be quickly returned –Injected cash can help the local economy –Opportunity for increase in capacity post-disaster –Pre-existing problems may be addressed

25. Session 2325 Environment Two factors: –Damage as a direct result of the hazard –Damage as a result of the destruction of man- made technologies and systems Debris Environmental protections (e.g., mangroves, wetlands) Pollution