1. Unit 14: Solutions & Equilibrium
NO2 ⇄ N2O4

2. Unit 14: Solutions & Equilibrium
A. Solution Formation
Solution - homogeneous mixture
Solute - substance being dissolved
Solvent –
dissolving medium (dissolver)
(present in greatest amount)

3. A. Solution Formation Types of Solutions: Solute Solvent Example Gas
Air (O2 & CO2 in Nitrogen)
Liquid
Water in Air
CO2 in Soda
Vinegar (acetic acid in water)
Solid
Salt in water
Stainless Steel (Cr & Ni in Iron)
*Known as Alloys

4. Solubility in 100 g of Water at 20oC
A. Solubility
Solubility
maximum mass of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
Solubility in 100 g of Water at 20oC
Compound
Solubility (g)
Table Salt
(NaCl)
36.0 g
Baking Soda (NaHCO3)
9.6 g
Table Sugar
(C12H22O11)
203.9 g
(0.62 mol)
(0.11 mol)
(0.59 mol)

5. less solute than max dissolved more than max solute dissolved
B. Solubility
UNSATURATED
less solute than max dissolved
SATURATED
max solute dissolved
SUPERSATURATED
more than max solute dissolved
concentration

6. less solute than max dissolved more than max solute dissolved
B. Solubility
UNSATURATED
less solute than max dissolved
SATURATED
max solute dissolved
SUPERSATURATED
more than max solute dissolved
concentration

7. less solute than max dissolved more than max solute dissolved
B. Solubility
UNSATURATED
less solute than max dissolved
SATURATED
max solute dissolved
SUPERSATURATED
more than max solute dissolved
concentration

8. less solute than max dissolved more than max solute dissolved
B. Solubility
UNSATURATED
less solute than max dissolved
SATURATED
max solute dissolved
SUPERSATURATED
more than max solute dissolved
concentration

9. Why does stuff dissolve?
(also, Ionic bonds when ionic compounds dissolve…)
IMAFs between solute–solute
solvent–solvent
must break
Greater solubility:
stronger IMAFs
with
solute–solvent
IMAFs between
solute–solvent
must form

10. B. Solution Formation Electrolyte: forms ions to conduct in solution- +
salt
NaCl - +
sugar
C12H22O11
Strong Electrolyte
Non-Electrolyte
ALL ions
from dissolved
ionic compounds
ALL molecules
from dissolved
molecular compounds

11. To point out there are weak electrolytes:
Strong electrolytes ionize completely (100%), while weak electrolytes ionize only partially (usually on the order of 1–10%).
*Both strong and weak still dealing with ionic compounds dissolving, though.

12. Quick Quiz!
1) Compounds that partially dissociate (or ionize) into solutions of ions and molecules that partially conduct are …
A) non-electrolytes
B) weak electrolytes
C) strong electrolytes