1. Introduction to Solutions and Solubility
SCH 3U

2. Learning Goals By the end of this lesson students will be able to:
Use appropriate terminology related to aqueous solutions and solubility
Explain the process of formation for solutions
Identify appropriate instruments (e.g., a balance, glassware, titration instruments)

3. Before we begin, complete the solutions concept map!

4. What is a Solution
Solution- a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Homogeneous- means that the mixture is the same all the way through. These mixtures do not settle out.
You could take two same-sized samples: one from the bottom and one from the top and they would be the same
Heterogeneous- mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases

5. Solutions
Heterogenous
Homogeneous
Heterogenous
Homogeneous

6. Components of Solutions
A solution has two components:
The solute
The solvent
Solvent- is the medium in which a solute is dissolved; the substance in greater amount.
It is usually a liquid, although it does not have to be.
Example. Water
Solute- is a substance that is dissolved in a solventis; the substance in lesser amount.
It is usually a solid, although it does not have to be.
Most often solutes are solid → think U are solid

7. Components of Solutions
A solution is a particular type of mixture or combination of different substances
Each substance retains its chemical properties (they are combined physically, not chemically)
The substances can be separated by non-chemical means:
filtration, evaporation, separatory funnel, distillation, or centrifugation.

8. Types of Solutions
Both solutes and solvents may be gases, liquids, or solids, producing a number of different combinations.
Examples:
Solid dissolved in solid
Metal in metal produces an alloy: Zinc plus Copper = Brass
Gas dissolved in gas
Air mixture of O2, N2, CO2, etc.
Liquid/Solid/Gas dissolved in a liquid

9. What type of solution is this?

10. Explaining Solutions
Solutions are created when two substances combine to form a homogeneous mixture. There is a balance between the intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces of the two substances that either allows them to combine, or does not allow them to combine

11. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Forces - a specific attraction within a molecule
Ex. Ionic bonds, covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds
Intermolecular Forces - an attraction between molecules
Ex. Hydrogen bonding, Dipole-dipole bonding, London Dispersion forces

12. Explaining Solutions Solids dissolves in liquid:
Soluble- If solid can dissolve in liquid
Insoluble- If solid cannot dissolve in liquid
Liquids dissolved in liquid: “LIKE DISSOLVES IN LIKE”
Miscible- If liquids can dissolve in each other
Polar compounds will dissolve in polar solvents.
Ex. Ethanol and Water (polar)
Immiscible- If liquids cannot dissolve in each other
Polar compounds will not dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Ex. Oil (nonpolar) and Water (polar)

13. Remember A substance is polar if it :
a) has polar covalent bonds (△EN ), and
b) has an asymmetrical shape

14. Homework
Watch the video below
Complete “Types of Solution” worksheet