1. Ancient Greece Review
Chapter 8 and 9

2. Greece’s Geography Geography helped shape early Greek civilization
Greece is a peninsula
Greece’s mountains and seas made travel difficult for early Greeks
Know the three seas that surround Greece
Ionian Sea (west)
Mediterranean Sea (south)
Aegean Sea (east)

3. Early Greeks Know the first two civilizations to develop within Greece
Minoan civilization
Mycenaean civilization
Minoan
Located on the island of Crete
Started trade
Mycenaean
Located in Greece
Put a high importance in building fortresses for protection
Both Minoan and Mycenaean experienced many natural disasters that contributed to their downfall.

4. Early Greeks Greek City-States
City-state – a city surrounded by country side.
Greece is a collection of city-states
Polis- the Greek word for city-state
Acropolis- high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built
Trade developed amongst the city-states

5. Greek Mythology and Literature
Know that the Greeks were polytheistic (believed in many gods)
The Greeks believed the gods affected everything around them.
Example- if the seas were rough, they believed Poseidon was angry.
Be familiar with the following Gods/Goddess
Zeus- king of the gods and the heavens
Hera – queen of the Gods
Poseidon – god of the seas
Hades – god of the underworld
Athena – goddess of wisdom
Ares – god of war
Apollo – god of the sun
Artemis – goddess of the moon and the hunt

6. Greek Mythology and Literature
Heroes
Many Greek myths were told about Heroes
Be familiar with the story of Hercules (NOT THE DISNEY VERSION)
The 12 labors
Son of Zeus
The only hero to become a Greek god on Mount Olympus

7. Greek Mythology and Literature
Greek Literature
Homer
Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
The Iliad
The story of the Trojan war
Black Ships Before Troy
The Odyssey
The story of Odysseus and his travels back home.
Made Poseidon angry and because of this, it took 10 years to return home after the Trojan war.

8. Greek Mythology and Literature
Lyric Poetry – poems set to music, often played by the lyre
Fables – short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live.
The Ants and the Grasshopper
The Boy Who Cries Wolf
The Tortoise and the Hare

9. Greece and Persia
Persia became an empire under the rule of Cyrus the Great
Cyrus the Great developed a strong military
The Immortals – the Persians strong and powerful army
Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses.
Cyrus the Great let the people he conquered keep their own customs
Less likely to rebel

10. Greece and Persia Darius I The Persian War
Persian ruler who expanded Persia and divided it into 20 provinces
Each had their own governor to lead them.
The Persian War
A series of wars between Persia and Greece
Started on the plains of Marathon near Athens
Athens and Sparta (Greece’s two most powerful city-states) worked together (alliance) to win the Persian war.
Greece also had more advanced weapons and intelligent leaders that contributed to their success.

11. Athens One of Greece’s most powerful city-state Athens Government
Oligarchy
Ruled by a small group of powerful people called aristocrats ( wealthy landowners)
Tyranny
Lead by one person (a Tyrant), held power through the use of force.
Democracy
Lead by the people (citizens)

12. Athens Athens Government Cont’d Important Democratic leaders
Created the worlds first Democracy
For the first time in history, a government was based on the votes of its free citizens
Ran by Athens citizens
Male
Athenian parentage
Free
Important Democratic leaders
Cleisthenes’ – “father of democracy”
Pericles – democracy reached its height

13. Athens Men Women Wealthy = highly educated
Took part in Athens military for about 2 years (18-20 yoa)
Education
Literature, astronomy, geometry, public speaking
Women
Had little to no rights
Couldn’t own property
No education
Must obey their fathers and husbands

14. Sparta Government Men Women Oligarchy Strong military
Most men spent their entire life in the military (until age 60)
Men were not given many comforts
Raised to be self disciplined and obedient
Little education, spent time:
Training, running, jumping, swimming, throwing javelins to increase strength.
Women
More rights then Athenian women
Ran the house-hold
Was also trained in running, jumping, wrestling, and throwing javelins

15. Athens vs. Sparta The two most powerful city-states in Greece
Had a power struggle
Developed alliances with neighboring Greek city-states
The Peloponnesian War
Lasted over 10 years
Neither Athens nor Sparta could gain an advantage during this time.
Agreed to a truce
Athens became weak after trying to conquer the island of Sicily
Sparta took advantage of Athens weakness and finally took control over Athens in 404 BC
Sparta ruled over Greece for about 30 years

16. Alexander the Great
A great Macedonian ruler who expanded his fathers empire.
Alexander the Great conquered the following:
Greece
Persia
Egypt
All of Asia Minor
Alexander the Great enjoyed Greek culture and took part in spreading Greek art, literature, and science to the surrounding lands.

17. Greek Achievements The Arts Philosophy Science Statues and Paintings
Life-like
Architecture
Parthenon – a beautiful temple built for the goddess Athena in Athens.
Writing
Dramas, comedies, history
Philosophy
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Science
Mathematics – geometry
Medicine
Engineering