1. The Reproductive System
Chapter 10

2. Sexual Reproduction in humans
Involves two parents
Each parent produces special sex cells called gametes
Male gamete is called the sperm
Female gamete is called the egg cell
Sexual reproduction involves fertilisation

3. Fertilisation
Human reproduction involves the joining together of a male sperm and a female egg to form a zygote in a process called fertilisation
The fertilised egg implants itself into the uterus lining and begins its development into a baby

4. Fertilisation Human pregnancy lasts approximately 9 months(40 weeks)
Fertilisation is the fusing together of the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus

5. Male Reproductive System

6. Male Reproductive System
Testes produces
millions of sperm cells
chemicals called hormones
Scrotum
Fold of skin where testes lie
Holds testes outside body

7. Male Reproductive System
Sperm duct
A tube that carries the sperm from the testes to the urethra in the penis
fluid is added to sperm from glands along the sperm duct. The sperm & fluid together are called semen
Seminal vesicles & prostate gland
Secrete fluids that nourish sperm and help them swim

8. Male Reproductive System
Penis
Made of spongy tissue
Releases sperm into the vagina of the female during copulation

9. Female Reproductive System
Ovary
Produces female gamete called the egg
Produces female hormones
Fallopian tube
Carries egg from ovary to uterus
Where fertilisation occurs

10. Female Reproductive System
Uterus
Implantation, where the egg implants in the uterus wall
Nourishes developing embryo.
Vagina
Hold penis during intercourse
Birth canal through which the baby is born

11. The Menstrual Cycle

12. Menstrual Cycle Events
Days
Menstrual Cycle Events
Uterus lining breaks down and blood passes out through vagina =
Menstruation
1 to 5
New egg matures in Ovary
New lining develops in Uterus
6 to 13
New egg continues to mature in Ovary
This will emphasise the different stages of the cycle again. Run through once. Give the students time to draw a table into their copies, then get the class into groups to work as teams to fill in their tables. The first team finished wins no homework!
New egg released from Ovary to Fallopian Tube 14
= Ovulation
The lining of the uterus remains in place until first day of next cycle
15 to 28

13. The Fertile Period
The days during the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant.
The fertile period lasts from 2-3 days before ovulation until 2-3 days after ovulation.

14. Fertilisation
Insemination: Sperm and seminal fluid are released into the vagina during sexual intercourse.
The sperm swim up through the uterus to the fallopian tube.
If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, the sperm and egg will fuse.
Fertilisation is the fusion of a male and female gamete to form a zygote.

15. Fertilisation
The fertilised egg now called a zygote moves down into the uterus and implants onto the lining of the uterus. Implantation
The cells inside the zygote continue to divide and from an embryo.
The uterus lining nourishes the embryo.
Menstruation does not occur after implantation.

16. Fertilisation

17. Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time where the baby develops in the mothers uterus.
The average human pregnancy last approximately 40 weeks.

18. Pregnancy

19. Pregnancy Amniotic sac: A sac where the baby develops inside.
Amniotic Fluid: Fills the amniotic sac, cushions and protects the developing embryo.
Placenta: is a special organ formed by the developing baby and mother.
Oxygen and food enter the baby’s blood.
Waste and carbon dioxide leave the baby’s blood.
Umbilical cord: connects the placenta to the baby

20. Birth
When birth is about to occur, the muscles of the uterus & of the vagina start to contract. Labour
These contractions push the baby slowly out of the vagina
The amnion burst, releasing its fluid. Waters Breaking
The baby is born head first
The umbilical cord is cut & tied
The remainder of the umbilical cord & placenta are released as the afterbirth

21. Family Planning
Contraception: is the prevention of fertilisation by natural or artificial methods.
Natural: not engaging in intercourse during the fertile period.
Artificial: Condoms, vasectomy,