1. Chapter 17 Section 4: The Reformation Continues

2. Setting the Stage
Christian reformers began new PROTESTANT churches in much of Central Europe.
*Protestant - all Christians who are not Catholic
Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Church of Christ, Pentacostal
*Major and immediate effect of the Reformation was a decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church

3. Calvin Begins Another Protestant Church
In 1541, Calvin set up a theocracy in Geneva.
Theocracy - government run by Church leaders
Calvin published book called “Institute of the Christian Religion”

4. Calvin and His Teachings
Calvin taught the following:
Mankind is sinful by nature.
Salvation can NOT be earned
God has “Pre – Destined” who would be saved
*Predestination - God determines the fate of every person
These teachings were the basis for a new religion: CALVINISM

5. Calvin Runs Geneva, Switzerland
In 1540’s John Calvin was invited to run the city of Geneva along with his followers established strict rules.
Stressed hard work, disciple, honesty, and morality
Banned swearing, dancing, provocative dress, and fighting
Prohibited drinking and gambling
Encouraged Christian education
Education was for boys and girls
Women could read the Bible at home and sing in Church

6. Calvinism Spreads
By the 1500’s, Calvinism had taken root in Germany, France, the Netherlands, England and Scotland.
In Scotland John Knox spread the Calvinist faith
Church community was guided by Elders or Presbyters
Presbyterians were followers of John Knox

7. Other Reformers
Various Christian groups began to interpret the BIBLE since it was believed that the Bible was the source of all truth.
Many new Protestant groups formed based on their differences in belief.

8. The Anabaptists
Anabaptists started in Switzerland and the Netherlands (Flanders)
Anabaptists beliefs
Separation of Church and State
Against swearing an oath to any earthly ruler or service in the army.
Hated ritual and believed in personal faith as the means for salvation
Anabaptists believed that ONLY adults could decide to be baptized and were against infant baptism.
Both Catholic and Protestants persecuted them.

9. The Catholic Reformation/Counter Reformation
Protestant Churches won many followers, yet millions remained true to the Roman Catholic Church
A religious movement to reform the Catholic Church was instituted called the CATHOLIC REFORMATION/COUNTER REFORMATION
Main Goals
*Reinstate the power of the Roman Catholic Church
Eliminate Church Abuses
Reestablish Pope’s Authority
Stop the loss of any more believers

10. Ignatius of Loyola Ignatius of Loyola founded a new society to
Spread the Catholic faith through missionary work
Strengthen Catholicism in Southern Germany and Eastern Europe
Rise of Catholic Schools
*Ignatius of Loyola founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.

11. Reforming Popes Pope Paul II took major steps in reforms of the Church
Directed a council of cardinals to investigate indulgence selling and other church abuses.
Approved the Jesuit order
Used the Inquisition to seek out and punish heresy
Called a great council of Church leaders to meet in Trent to agree on several doctrines (Council of Trent)
*The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final
Christians need faith and good works for salvation
The Bible and Church teachings were equally powerful authorities in Christian life
Indulgences were a valid expression of faith, but false selling of indulgences were band.

12. Legacy of the Reformation
End of religious unity in Europe
Founding of many new religious faiths
Strengthening of monarchs over church authority in some areas in Europe
Wide spread literacy and parochial schools
Middle class continues to gain power through Protestant virtues
Increased hatred for the Jews (Anti-Semitism) across Europe
*Luther’s 95 Theses, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy” and John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion” contributed to the decline of the Catholic Church

13. HINT: You MUST be able to locate the predominate religions in Europe during the 1500, as found in book, page 434.
ANGLICAN
LUTHERAN
EASTERN ORTHODOX
CATHOLIC
MUSLIM

14. Quick Review
In Western Europe, a major and immediate effect of the Reformation was a decline in what?
What was one of John Calvin’s beliefs that stated that God determines everyone’s fate?
In the Council of Trent, what did they determine about the Bible?
Who was responsible for the creation of the religious order known as the Jesuits?
Martin Luther’s “95 Theses”, Henry VIII’s “Act of Supremacy” and John Calvin’s “Institutes of Christian Religion” contributed to what?
The major goal of the Counter Reformation was?