1. the most prophetic passage of the Bible

2. Daniel 11:2
And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, three more kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth shall be far richer than them all; by his strength, through his riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

3. “Three more kings” Cambyses (r. 529-522) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

4. “Three more kings” Cyrus (550-530BC)
Cambyses (r ) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

5. “Three more kings” Cyrus (550-530BC)
Cambyses (r ) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

6. “Three more kings” Cyrus (550-530BC) Cambyses II (529-522 BC)
Cambyses (r ) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

7. “Three more kings” Cyrus (550-530BC) Cambyses II (529-522 BC)
Pseudo-Smerdis ( BC)
Cambyses (r ) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

8. “Three more kings” Cyrus (550-530BC) Cambyses II (529-522 BC)
Pseudo-Smerdis ( BC)
Darius I ( BC)
Cambyses (r ) – not mentioned in the Bible
Pseudo-Smerdis (r )
Artexerxes???
A dif Darius (r )
Darius I Hystaspes

9. Daniel 11:2
And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, three more kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth shall be far richer than them all; by his strength, through his riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

10. Fourth king Xerxes I (486-465BC) Richer
Also king during the days of Esther (see Esther ch 1-2)
Fourth king – Xerxes I - aka Ahaseurus from Esther 1-2 (r )
Richest…
He ruled during the time of the greatest power of the Persian empire
Got an army of several hundred thousand and went against Greece in 480BC
Troupes and fleet of ships were defeated

11. Daniel 11:2
And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, three more kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth shall be far richer than them all; by his strength, through his riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

12. Fourth king Xerxes I (486-465BC) Richer Taxes, lavish builds
Also king during the days of Esther (see Esther ch 1-2)
Fourth king – Xerxes I - aka Ahaseurus from Esther 1-2 (r )
Richest…
He ruled during the time of the greatest power of the Persian empire
Got an army of several hundred thousand and went against Greece in 480BC
Troupes and fleet of ships were defeated

13. Fourth king Xerxes I (486-465BC) Richer Taxes, lavish builds army
Also king during the days of Esther (see Esther ch 1-2)
Fourth king – Xerxes I - aka Ahaseurus from Esther 1-2 (r )
Richest…
He ruled during the time of the greatest power of the Persian empire
Got an army of several hundred thousand and went against Greece in 480BC
Troupes and fleet of ships were defeated

14. Daniel 11:2
And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, three more kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth shall be far richer than them all; by his strength, through his riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.

15. Fourth king Xerxes I (486-465BC) Richer Greek war (480BC)
Taxes, lavish builds
Army
Greek war (480BC)
Largest army ever
Also king during the days of Esther (see Esther ch 1-2, Ahaseurus)
Richest…
He ruled during the time of the greatest power of the Persian empire
Got an army of several hundred thousand and went against Greece in 480BC
Several historians agree on this – it’s Xerxes’ most famous activity
Troupes and fleet of ships were defeated

16. Daniel 11:3
Then a mighty king shall arise, who shall rule with great dominion, and do according to his will.

17. A mighty king Alexander the Great (336-323BC)
Great dominion
Do according to his will
in 13 years he conquered much of the known world
he also made the biggest empire yet!
and he did it fast!
In Dan 7 he was the winged leopard
In Dan 8 he was the one horn of the flying goat

18. Daniel 11:4
And when he has arisen, his kingdom shall be broken up and divided toward the four winds of heaven, but not among his posterity nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be uprooted, even for others besides these.

19. “To The Strong” 4 Generals: Cassander Lysimachus Seleucus Ptolemy
~ swift
Alexander conquered the entire empire between 334 and 330BC
~ powerful and has dominion
~ everywhere he went they just surrendered
“to the strong”
4 Generals
Cassander got Macedonia and Greece
Lysimachus got Thrace, Bithynia and most of Asia Minor
Seleucus got Syria and the area east of Syria, including Babylon
Ptolemy got Egypt and probably Palestine and Arabia Petrea.

20. Daniel 11:4
And when he has arisen, his kingdom shall be broken up and divided toward the four winds of heaven, but not among his posterity nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be uprooted, even for others besides these.

21. Daniel 11:4
And when he has arisen, his kingdom shall be broken up and divided toward the four winds of heaven, but not among his posterity nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be uprooted, even for others besides these.

22. Daniel 11:4
And when he has arisen, his kingdom shall be broken up and divided toward the four winds of heaven, but not among his posterity nor according to his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom shall be uprooted, even for others besides these.

23. Daniel 11:5-35 Ptolemies vs Seleucids
Israel is the battleground between them

24. Daniel 11:5
Also the king of the South shall become strong, as well as one of his princes; and he shall gain power over him and have dominion. His dominion shall be a great dominion.
King of the south –or General Ptolemy I Soter Egypt (r )
One of his princes who overpowers him and has great dominion
King of the North - General Seleucus I Nicator Syria (r )
Though Syria did not exist as a nation at the time Daniel wrote
Others were Greece and Thracia – not important to Israel
Kings of the south and north = Syria + Egypt
General names because the leaders change
Why them??? The other two are ignored…
Because they affect Israel
Because Israel was the middle ground of their conflict

25. Daniel 11:5
Also the king of the South shall become strong, as well as one of his princes; and he shall gain power over him and have dominion. His dominion shall be a great dominion.
King of the south –or General Ptolemy I Soter Egypt (r )
One of his princes who overpowers him and has great dominion
King of the North - General Seleucus I Nicator Syria (r )
Though Syria did not exist as a nation at the time Daniel wrote
Others were Greece and Thracia – not important to Israel
Kings of the south and north = Syria + Egypt
General names because the leaders change
Why them??? The other two are ignored…
Because they affect Israel
Because Israel was the middle ground of their conflict

26. Ptolemy I “king of the south” (323-282BC) So, this backfires!
He’s a prophet!
Why was it later in the “writings”
probably because Daniel, though he prophesied, didn’t have the regular role of a prophet
The Jews certainly weren’t implying it was a forgery

27. Daniel 11:5
Also the king of the South shall become strong, as well as one of his princes; and he shall gain power over him and have dominion. His dominion shall be a great dominion.
King of the south –or General Ptolemy I Soter Egypt (r )
One of his princes who overpowers him and has great dominion
King of the North - General Seleucus I Nicator Syria (r )
Though Syria did not exist as a nation at the time Daniel wrote
Others were Greece and Thracia – not important to Israel
Kings of the south and north = Syria + Egypt
General names because the leaders change
Why them??? The other two are ignored…
Because they affect Israel
Because Israel was the middle ground of their conflict

28. Seleucus I “king of the north” (312-281BC)
He was a general and satrap under Ptolemy from BC
“one of his princes”
He gained more power than Ptolemy

29. Daniel 11:6
And at the end of some years (40+ years) they shall join forces, for the daughter of the king of the South shall go to the king of the North to make an agreement; but she shall not retain the power of her authority, and neither he nor his authority shall stand; but she shall be given up, with those who brought her, and with him who begot her, and with him who strengthened her in those times.
The king of the South loses out on the deal
but it aint over yet
daughter is Berenice (dad was Ptolemy II Philedelphus r )
King of the North (Anitochus II Theos r ) divorced to marry Berenice
When the king of the South (Ptolemy) died he divorced her and took his wife (Laodice) back
Then Laodice poisoned him and killed Berenice and her son (this put her sons back in line for the throne)
Seluecis II

30. Daniel 11:6
And at the end of some years (40+ years) they shall join forces, for the daughter of the king of the South shall go to the king of the North to make an agreement; but she shall not retain the power of her authority, and neither he nor his authority shall stand; but she shall be given up, with those who brought her, and with him who begot her, and with him who strengthened her in those times.
North = Anitochus II Theos r
South = Ptolemy II Philedelphus r
Daughter = Berenice
Berenice was sent to the North. Where that king (Antiochus II) divorced his wife and married Berenice
BUT, as soon as Ptolemy II (South) died, he put her away and remarried his old wife
Who killed Berenice

31. Daniel 11:7-8
But from a branch of her roots one shall arise in his place, who shall come with an army, enter the fortress of the king of the North, and deal with them and prevail. And he shall also carry their gods captive to Egypt, with their princes and their precious articles of silver and gold; and he shall continue more years than the king of the North
Branch from her roots
her roots was her father
the branch was her brother - (Ptolemy III Euergetes (reigned )
He invaded Syria (the KofN) because of the murder of his sister
got as far as the Euphrates
He killed Laodice
“more years”
They both started reigning in the same year 246
Seleucus III from
Ptolemy III from
AGAIN – this stuff is confirmed from extra-biblical sources

32. Daniel 11:9
Also the king of the North shall come to the kingdom of the king of the South, but shall return to his own land.
Happened about 240BC – Seleucis III Callinicus
wanted revenge
Failed attack, he went back home

33. Daniel 11:10
However his sons (King of the North’s sons) shall stir up strife, and assemble a multitude of great forces; and one shall certainly come and overwhelm and pass through; then he shall return to his fortress and stir up strife.
His sons – sons of Seleucus II
Seleucus III
Antiochus III (the great)
“one shall…”
They both had power but Seleucus was murdered and Antiochus III took over
He invaded Egypt successfully several times

34. Daniel 11:11-12
And the king of the South shall be moved with rage, and go out and fight with him, with the king of the North (Antiochus III the Great), who shall muster a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into the hand of his enemy. 12 When he has taken away the multitude, his heart will be lifted up; and he will cast down tens of thousands, but he will not prevail.
KofS = Ptolemy Philopater
KofN= Antiochus III the great
Battle = Raphia (the battle of elephants)
In a battle with 70,000 soldiers on each side… Antiochus III’s army destroyed
70,000 foot, and 5000 horse, and seventy-three elephants.
And the other multitude (the army of Antiochus, consisting of 62,000 foot, and 6000 horse, and 102 elephants
But he went back to Egypt to live it up a sinful lifestyle
Didn’t finish the job

35. Daniel 11:13-14
13For the king of the North will return and muster a multitude greater than the former, and shall certainly come at the end of some years with a great army and much equipment. 14“Now in those times many shall rise up against the king of the South. Also, violent men of your people shall exalt themselves in fulfillment of the vision, but they shall fall.
14 years later
Antiochus III comes back with a big army
this time a lot of others join him – Philip king of macedon, Egyptian rebels
including Jews (Josephus records this)
Ptolemy IV Epiphanes is now ruling and he is a child (which helps Antiochus III)
“they shall fall”
terrible treatment of the Jews under the Ptolomies
had they known!

36. Daniel 11:15-16
15 So the king of the North shall come and build a siege mound, and take a fortified city; and the forces of the South shall not withstand him. Even his choice troops shall have no strength to resist.16 But he who comes against him shall do according to his own will, and no one shall stand against him. He shall stand in the Glorious Land with destruction in his power.
First fight was at Paneas
Scopis – Egyptian general met Antiochus’ troops and FLED
Fortified city?
Scopis fled to Sidon
conquered by siege – Scopis surrendered
Choice troops
Eropus, Menocles, and Damoxenus – great Egyptian commanders sent to deliver Scopas (failed)
according to Jerome “sent away naked”
Antiochus III the great
gained control of Israel down to Gaza (Glorious land)

37. Daniel 11:17
17 He shall also set his face to enter with the strength of his whole kingdom, and upright ones with him; thus shall he do. And he shall give him the daughter of women to destroy it; but she shall not stand with him, or be for him.
Antiochus gave his daughter (Cleopatra) to the 8 year old king of the south (Seleucus V Epiphanes)
BUT- she later sided with her husband over her father

38. Daniel 11:18-19
18 After this he shall turn his face to the coastlands, and shall take many. But a ruler shall bring the reproach against them to an end; and with the reproach removed, he shall turn back on him.
19 Then he shall turn his face toward the fortress of his own land; but he shall stumble and fall, and not be found.
This is about the end of Antiochus III the great
Coastlands = The Romans
he took a decent amount of land until…
Lucius Scipio Asiaticus, the Roman general, routed Antiochus at Magnesia (190 b.c.)
Rome then made Antiochus pay for the war!
pay a fine
Antiochus III the Great’s youngest son was left hostage in Rome!!
“turn back on him”vs18
Antiochus then tried to plunder the temple of Jupiter at Elam by night
he was slain with his soldiers in an insurrection of the inhabitants [Justin, 32.2]

39. Daniel 11:20
20 “There shall arise in his place one who imposes taxes on the glorious kingdom; but within a few days he shall be destroyed, but not in anger or in battle.
Antiochus’ son was Seluecus IV Philopater (r BC)
Taxes – for his 12 years that’s all he did!
To pay the Romans
He sent a man named Heliodorus to plunder the temple in Jerusalem
A few days? – years (12 years vs the 37 of his father)
Destroyed – not in battle or for revenge – He was poisoned by Heliodorus (his treasurer) who ushered in the next king

40. Daniel 11:21
21 And in his place shall arise a vile person, to whom they will not give the honor of royalty; but he shall come in peaceably, and seize the kingdom by intrigue.
Now we focus on Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Antiochus III the great’s younger son
was hostage in Rome
traded for Seleucus’ son Demetrius
then Heliodorus killed Seleucus
“not give the honor of royalty” – wasn’t supposed to reign, ever
“peaceably” – doesn’t take over by war
“seize… intrigue”
- appearing as a champion for his nephew (Demetrius, in Rome) next in line
- as coregent with his younger nephew (a baby also named Antiochus)
- partners with Eumenes, the king of Pergamum
- gives gifts to the poor and flattering speeches to the nobles
Then kills his nephew and usurps the throne
“vile person” – drinking, nasty habits unfit for the king, throw stones at strangers “Epimanes” - madman

41. Daniel 11:22-23 “the prince of the covenant” – the high priest
22 With the force of a flood they shall be swept away from before him and be broken, and also the prince of the covenant. 23 And after the league is made with him he shall act deceitfully, for he shall come up and become strong with a small number of people.
Who is “they”? – the same “they” in vs 21 who didn’t give him the honor of royalty
Heliodorus, and others
(an overwhelming army came against him but somehow he defeated them)
“the prince of the covenant” – the high priest
Epiphanes also deposed Onias III the High Priest in the 1st year of his reign (and he was murdered in 171BC)
Small group – those who support him
a small active group is stronger than a large passive one
USA should take NOTE!

42. Daniel 11:24
24 He shall enter peaceably, even into the richest places of the province; and he shall do what his fathers have not done, nor his forefathers: he shall disperse among them the plunder, spoil, and riches; and he shall devise his plans against the strongholds, but only for a time.
Antiochus IV – robbed the rich (plundered) all over the place
distributed the loot among the men (unlike others before him)
perhaps he learned this in Rome
“but only for a time”
important to the Jews!

43. Daniel 11:25-26
25 “He shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the South with a great army. And the king of the South shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand, for they shall devise plans against him. 26 Yes, those who eat of the portion of his delicacies shall destroy him; his army shall be swept away, and many shall fall down slain.
In 170BC Antiochus IV Epiphanes went against Egypt
Egypt tried to fight them but failed
He beat Egypt and took a chunk of their territory
The (KofS) Egyptian king (Ptolemy VI) was given bad advice
to go against Antiochus
to flee Alexandria (he was captured)
Even his bother plotted against him
was made king

44. Daniel 11:27
27 Both these kings’ hearts shall be bent on evil, and they shall speak lies at the same table; but it shall not prosper, for the end will still be at the appointed time.
After being captured he makes a deal with Antiochus IV –
At Memphis
they lie -
Pressure from Rome keeps Antiochus IV from claiming Egypt
Ptolemy VI is to be a puppet in Memphis
But he rejoins his brother
Antiochus fails to get his puppet
Ptolemy VI fails to get his kingdom (His brother rules in Alexandria and he in Memphis)

45. Daniel 11:28
28 While returning to his land with great riches, his heart shall be moved against the holy covenant; so he shall do damage and return to his own land.
He raged against the Jews
it’s hard to know why
Killed 80,000 – took 40,000 prisoners – sold 40,000 as slaves
Plundered the Temple
stripped the gold off the walls
took furniture

46. Daniel 11:29-30
29 “At the appointed time he shall return and go toward the south; but it shall not be like the former or the latter. 30 For ships from Cyprus shall come against him; therefore he shall be grieved, and return in rage against the holy covenant, and do damage. “So he shall return and show regard for those who forsake the holy covenant.
In 168 (two years after the last time)
Antiochus IV goes back to Egypt
Ptolomy VI says “we don’t need your troops in Egypt anymore”
Antiochus has other plans
he takes Memphis, Cyprus and marches on to Alexandria (the keystone)
But “ships from Cyprus”
Met by Roman delegation Gaius Popillius Laenas
Line in the sand – The senate in Rome wants them to leave and he wants the answer NOW
Angry – he turns against Israel
regard for those who forsake the covenant – altars to Zeus, Jason and Menelaus high priests

47. Daniel 11:31-32
31 “And forces shall be mustered by him, and they shall defile the sanctuary fortress; then they shall take away the daily sacrifices, and place there the abomination of desolation.
32 Those who do wickedly against the covenant he shall corrupt with flattery; but the people who know their God shall be strong, and carry out great exploits.
Defile the sanctuary fortress
on the Sabbath came and slaughtered the Jews
Take away the daily sacrifices
forbid them, forbid the Torah, forbid circumcision, forbid Judaism
Abomination of desolation
an idol of Zeus IN the temple
sacrificed swine to Zeus
Great exploits
Judas Maccabee – great victories
when evil is strong we become strong

48. Daniel 11:33-34
33 And those of the people who understand shall instruct many; yet for many days they shall fall by sword and flame, by captivity and plundering. 34 Now when they fall, they shall be aided with a little help; but many shall join with them by intrigue.
Some get it – in dark times there are only some who get it
But they will fall
doing the right thing may well cost you dearly
until glory!

49. Daniel 11:35
35 And some of those of understanding shall fall, to refine them, purify them, and make them white, until the time of the end; because it is still for the appointed time.
God is using there pains for their purity
There are about 135 prophetic statements in these 35 verses!