1. Aim: How did European nations conquer and control Africa?
Do Now: Why do you think the Spanish, French, and British lost colonies in North and South America, which became independent nations?

2. African Imperialism: When?
Missionaries
Desire to help
Believed culture and religion were degraded
Netherlands and Portugal traded with African kingdoms on the coast in the 1600s.
The Dutch settlers stayed and became known as Boers.

3. Other European nations like Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany started sending explorers to Africa in the 1700s and 1800s.
At the Berlin Conference ( ), European nations divided up Africa into colonies

4. Berlin Conference Called by Portugal
Led by Otto von Bismarck (Germany)
Formally OK the division of continents
India
SE Asia
Africa

5. Who?
The most powerful countries (France, Great Britain, and Germany) got the most colonies
But Belgium, ruled by King Leopold II, got control of the Congo because he claimed he was going to help the Congoloese people

7. African Imperialism: Natural Resources
Examples of Natural Resources from Africa:
Gold Copper Iron Coal
Cotton Coffee Fruits Nuts
Diamonds Rubber Salt Oil
In the Congo, there was gold, copper, diamonds, ivory, and rubber - the tire was invented in 1890, so rubber was in high demand.

8. What motivated African Imperialism?
Industrialization
Nationalism
“White Man’s Burden” by Rudyard Kipling

9. What other factors led to colonizing Africa?
Steam engines
Heavily armed
Shallow
Medical Advances
Malaria and yellow fever
Quinine, Nets
Military innovation
Bullet a single entity (percussion caps)
Breach loading rifle

10. How did Belgium control the Congo?
What do you see in this picture?

11. Mutilation as a punishment

12. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fate of Human Civilizations Episode 3
Major Question: How did guns, germs, and steel help or hinder Europeans and Africans during the 1600s, 1700s, and 1800s?

13. What do you see in this picture and why do you think Pear’s Soap made this advertisement the way it is?