1. Urban Models and Hierarchies
AP Human Geography
Cities and Urban Land Use Unit

2. For today, 04/27 Urban Model….get it? 
Summon thy winds of thee note-tays – we are discussing Urban Models and Hierarchies today (this means take out your notes). Pick up a packet as well.
Chapter 13 Quiz & Vocab and Map Exam is tomorrow. You will not be able to use notes on EITHER of them.
Unit Exam is this Thursday, 04/30.

3. Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model
Ernest Burgess
Based his city model on 1920's Chicago
* In this model, the city grows out from the CBD in a ring pattern

4. Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model
* City is a complex structure that includes more than one center around which activities revolve * Some activities are attracted to particular nodes while others avoid them * Ex: Airport=hotels & warehouses * Ex: University=well- educated residents, book stores and pizza joints

5. Hoyt’s Sector Model
* City grows in a series of sectors * Certain areas are more attractive to certain activities, by environmental factors, or by chance * As a city grows, activities expand in sectors out from the CBD * Industrial and retailing are in sectors by good transportation lines.

6. Galactic City Model (Urban Realms)
* Created by James E. Vance Jr., in the 1960s * Shows the spatial components of a modern metropolis * Each "realm" of the model is separate and used for a different purpose, but are linked together to make one large, fluid city * City modeled by this is automobile- dependent, which enables it to be as large as necessary for that city's purposes.

7. Latin America

8. Southeast Asia

9. Sub-Saharan Africa

10. UK vs. US

11. Borchert’s Epochs of Urban Development
Generalization of the growth of US urban systems that occurred in 5 stages: Stage 1: Sail-Wagon Epoch ( ) Stage 2: Iron Horse Epoch ( ) Stage 3: Steel-Rail Epoch ( ) Stage 4: Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch ( ) Stage 5: Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?)

12. Rank-Size Rule
* The n th-largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
* In other words, 2nd largest is 1/2 the size of largest.
* Works best in most developed countries that have full distribution of services.

13. Primate City Rule
Paris, France
* Largest settlement in a country has more than twice the number as the second ranking city.
* These cities tend to represent the perceived culture of the country.
* Positives: large market with high order goods, enhanced flow of info & tech
* Negatives: unequal investment, wealth, and power; brain drain, prevents equal accessibility to all regions
* Most prevalent in LDCs
London, UK

14. The Gravity Model
* GM predicts location of a service is: (1.) Directly related to population - higher population = more potential customers (2.) Inversely related to range - farther away = less likely to use * Can also be used to anticipate the traffic between two places, the number of telephone calls, the transportation of goods and mail