1. The Industrial Revolution
1700’s – 1900’s

2. What was the Industrial Revolution?
The period during which the way people produced goods shifted from hand tools to complex machines and from human and animal power to steam power.
Begins around 1750
The Industrial Revolution will go on for nearly 200 years and will be a factor in global politics and events during that time.

5. The Agricultural Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began as a result for the growing demand for goods
In the early 1700’s, advances in farming led to more food being produced, thus making populations and demands for goods grow
Known as the Agricultural Revolution (AKA the Agrarian Revolution)
The Seed Drill invented by Jethro Tull
The enclosure movement led to more productive farming

6. The Agricultural Revolution
Better farming 
More food 
Higher Population 
More Demands for goods 
=Need to come up with better and faster ways to produce goods
Results in…
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION!

7. Industrialization Begins in Britain
Several reasons it begins in Britain:
Natural Resources
Coal, rivers, harbors
Population growth
Due to Agricultural Revolution
Good Economy
Money to invest
Education led to skilled workers and inventors

8. Textile Industry Industrializes
Rising populations causes a demand for more cotton
In 1793, Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin makes cotton production easier
Need more slaves to pick cotton in U.S.
New machines are invented to spin and weave cotton more quickly
At first they are powered by hand
Next by water
Finally they use steam (from coal)

9. Textile Industry Industrializes
The new machines quickly became too large to keep at home
Moved to long sheds on rivers (for power)
These sheds become the first FACTORIES
Workers go there daily to work rather than do it at home

10. New Technology Rapidly Develops
Invention of the Steam Engine (1712) allows factories to be built anywhere
Stay near water though
Factories are able to mass produce goods at a cheaper price

11. New Technology Rapidly Develops
People begin moving near factories (to be close to work) and new cities emerge around industrial areas
Better iron is developed – used for machines, bridges, and eventually railroads

12. New Technology Rapidly Develops
Spinning Jenny – James Hargreaves (1763)

13. New Technology Rapidly Develops
Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney (1793)

14. New Technology Rapidly Develops
Newcomen Steam Engine – Thomas Newcomen (1712)

15. New Technology Rapidly Develops
Watt Steam Engine – James Watt (1764)

16. Transportation Revolution
People build man made rivers to transport all the goods being produced
Known as Canals
Rail Roads develop as Steam Engines are placed on carts and put on rails
Canals no longer needed as rails can be laid anywhere
Rail Road lines in the U.K.

17. How a Locomotive Works

18. Factories Create New Cities
People leave farms to work in factories
Massive movement of people  Urbanization
Urbanization  Populations soar in industrial locations

19. New Classes of the Industrial Age
Industrial owners become the new upper class  VERY WEALTHY
Managers and office workers become new Middle Class
Workers become the new poor  live in harsh environments  working poor
Tenement Housing during the industrial age

20. New Urban Areas

22. Are Tenements a thing of the past?

24. Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution

25. Child Labor During the Industrial Revolution

26. New Ways of Thinking Capitalism Laissez-Faire Economics
No government interference
Free Markets
Adam Smith
Profits
Produce more goods  lower prices  affordable by more people  high standard of living
Rewards innovation
Creates extreme income inequalities between rich and poor

27. New Ways of Thinking Reaction to the capitalist thought
Socialism
Reaction to the capitalist thought
Condemns the “evils” of industrialism and income inequality
Focus is on general good of society
People as a whole (government) own the means of production
Factories, farms, railways, etc.

28. New Ways of Thinking
Karl Marx, a German philosopher formulated a new theory, “scientific socialism,”
Called for Communism
form of socialism
Income inequality was reason for conflict
Class struggle would lead to classless society
Poor out number the rich
means of production would be owned by the community

29. Big Business Corporations are formed
Stocks are sold to generate capital $$
Monopolies are created  one company dominates an industry
Labor Unions form to protect workers
Labor laws are created to protect the safety and living standard of workers

30. Survival of The Fittest!
Charles Darwin  natural theory of evolution (survival of the fittest – best adapted to environment thrive, the rest die off)
Theory gets applied to both the business world (monopolies are ok) and social sciences (Social Darwinism = justifies why some people/races are thriving and others are not)
Social Darwinism is later used to rationalize European Imperialism (conquest) in Africa and Asia

31. The Industrial Age moves beyond Britain and Europe
Other countries will begin to catch up with Great Britain as Industrialization spreads
Belgium
Germany
France
United States
Many others
Creates international competition
for resources  Age of Imperialism!

32. What was Created? Steam Engine  railroads, steam ships, automobiles
Steel  sky scrapers, rails, bridges
Chemical Items  soaps, perfumes, DYNAMITE!
Electrical Innovations  lights, motors
Assembly Line
Airplanes  first flight in 1903
Communication  telegraphy, telephone, radio