1. Note
Tour of Atlantic Superstore in Sydney River
TUESDAY 21 MARCH
10:25 AM START, 10:55 AM FINISH
Lecture on healthy eating by Ms. Teasdale, a dietitian at Sobey’s- she will lecture to us in our regular classroom at our regular time on 26 March 2018

2. Nutrient deficiencies
Lecture March 2018
Nutrient deficiencies

3. Nutrient deficiency any time one does not get
a nutrient wwfq
Causes of nutrient deficiency
Diet that is low or absent in a specific nutrient
Bioavailability of a nutrient –aside from diet (low ingestion of a nutrient) one can also have poor nutrient bioavailability due to pathology (including unsafe food)-related problems in digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism and/or excretion; poor bioavailability may also be due to one or more other components (including but not limited to other nutrients) in the food that reduce digestion and/or absorption

4. Nutrient deficiency any time one does not get
a nutrient wwfq
Causes of nutrient deficiency
Bioavailability of a nutrient –also excessive intake of one nutrient may cause the hyper-excretion of another nutrient

5. Carbohydrate deficiency
In theory can get away without carbohydrates in diet that yield simple carbohydrates as long as have sufficient protein and lipids in diet to make simple carbohydrates - however a lack of fibre increases risk of colon cancer, constipation, hemorrhoids and poor bowel regularity
Simple carbohydrate catabolism in body required for fatty acid breakdown; as well glucose is the best fuel for our nerves and brain

6. Carbohydrate deficiency
No or very low carbohydrate diet can reduce availability range of some vitamins and/or minerals and /or various phytochemicals
Lack of carbohydrates in diet can lead to ketosis; however there is debate in the literature as to whether the associated level of ketosis is problematic

7. Carbohydrate deficiency
Ketosis can cause nausea, mental and physical headache, fatigue, weakness, bad breath
No long term weight loss with low carb diet and may end up weighing more than when one initially started the low or no carbohydrate diet

8. Carbohydrate deficiency
A word of caution about low or no carbohydrate diets- no long term (longer than one year) studies have been done in humans and so the long term impacts are not documented yet

9. Lipid deficiency
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are essential in our diets- we cannot make them
Linoleic acid deficiency
Alpha-linolenic acid deficiency
Mead acid formed with essential fatty acid deficiency

10. Essential fatty acid deficiency symptoms
Dry, scaly rash
Hair loss
Hair depigmentation
Poor wound healing
Growth restriction in children
Increased susceptibility to infection

11. Very low fat or no fat diets
Inadequate cell structure
Inadequate fat soluble vitamin absorption and transport around the body and hence reduced ability to meet fat soluble vitamin functions
Essential fatty acid deficiency

12. Protein deficiency essential amino acids-must have in diet as we cannot make them conditionally essential amino acids- required in the diet if substrate(s) and/or metabolic machinery is inadequate all 20 amino acids (from a combination of in vivo synthesis and diet) are necessary to build proteins in the body marasmus and kwashikor-review maple syrup disease-urine and sweat smell like maple syrup-with this disease one cannot break down leucine, isoleucine and valine- results in poor appetite if not treated

13. Vitamin deficiencies
Review deficiency impacts from lecture on vitamins
Inadequate body levels of any given vitamin results in partial or complete loss of that vitamin’s functions in the body
Humans are always only one essential nutrient away from complete metabolic failure

14. Mineral deficiencies
Review deficiency impacts from lecture on minerals
Not all minor mineral deficiencies have necessarily been established

15. Mineral deficiencies
Inadequate body levels of any given mineral results in partial or complete loss of that mineral’s functions in the body
Humans are always only one essential nutrient away from complete metabolic failure

16. Mineral deficiencies
Can be due to excessive dietary fibre (currently debated), phytates, oxalic acid binding of minerals and preventing absorption; this seems to be particularly a problem with high intakes of these binding agents when mineral intakes are low

17. Mineral deficiencies
Excess of some minerals in diet will reduce absorption of other minerals
Excess dietary sodium results in calcium loss from bones resulting from increased urinary calcium

18. Water deficiency Loss of water functions-see lecture on water
Negatively impacts the healthy roles all water soluble nutrients
This is the nutrient where we have the shortest time window to correct a deficiency-why?

19. Nutrient Deficiencies are a food insecurity issue
Public health inspectors are key to reducing food borne disease and hence nutrient deficiencies
Thus public health inspectors are key to reducing food insecurity and hence increasing food security and all the health, economic, political, psychological and societal benefits flowing from food security

20. Nutrient Deficiencies are a food insecurity issue
How does food borne illness result in nutrient deficiencies for each of the six nutrient classes?

21. Nutrient Deficiencies are a food insecurity issue
What factors (other than absent or inefficient food inspections) are responsible for nutrient deficiencies?

22. Nutrient Deficiencies are a food insecurity issue
What are the health, economic, political, psychological and societal benefits flowing from food security?