1. Sahar Rahim MS-Electrical Engineering Supervisor: Dr. Nadeem Javaid
Smart Grid
Sahar Rahim
MS-Electrical Engineering
Supervisor: Dr. Nadeem Javaid
Research Symposium COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

2. Contents Introduction Conventional power grid Smart grid
Comparison between Conventional and Smart grid
Difference between Conventional and Smart grid
Benefits of Smart grid
Distribution generation
Energy Storage banks
System Model
Proposed Solution
Billing Mechanism
Conclusion
Research Symposium COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

3. Introduction (1/4) Traditional power grid
Interconnected and complex network
Deliver electricity from utility companies to consumers.
Comprises of following four major parts as in Fig. 1*
Generation
Produce electrical power
Non-renewable resources (fossil fuel, coal, gases, e.t.c.)
Renewable resources (wind, solar, water, e.t.c )
Transmission
Bulk of high-voltage transmission line.
Transformers (Step-up, step-down)
Towers.
Distribution
To distribute electrical power.
Relays
Interrupters
Consumption
Residential load.
Commercial load.
Industrial load.
Fig. 1: Conventional power grid *

4. Introduction (2/4) Drawbacks Unintelligent electricity system.
Conventional power grid suffers lots of economical losses.
Contributing factors and its consequences include*:
Aging equipment:
Unreliable--higher failure rates.
Customer interruption rates--maintenance costs, repair and restoration costs.
Obsolete system layout:
Require serious additional and smart substation.
Lack of computational abilities.
Lack of communication abilities.
Outdated engineering:
Traditional tools for power delivery.
Lack of smart electronic control and sensors.
Lack of storage system.
Lack of energy management systems. *

5. Introduction (3/4) Parts that can be made smart To increase
Water powered LED shower
Generation
Smart Ways of Generation
Solar, wind, hydro energy
Parts that can be made smart
To increase
Efficiency
Reliability and
Robustness of the entire electrical power system
In this regard, there is a need to modify all sections of electrical power grid
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Consumption
We have summarized these section as in fig. 2
Piezoelectric Effect
Self healing
Machine communication
Transmission
Intelligent Ways of
Transmission
Eliminate transmission lines
Power system
Smart electronic sensors
Smart metering
Distribution
Efficient Distribution
Smart control room
Optimization techniques
Dynamic Tariff models
Consumption
Cost- effective
Consumption
Energy efficient appliances
Fig. 2: Sections of power grid *

6. Introduction (4/4) Smart grid(Evolutionary power grid)
Infrastructure that supports*
Advanced electricity generation, delivery, and consumption;
Advanced information metering, monitoring, and management; and
Advanced communication technologies.
Steps for conceptual design of a smart grid as in fig. 3
Visualizing power system in real time
Increasing system capacity
Eliminating bottlenecks
Enabling a self healing system
Enabling connectivity to consumers
Fig. 3: Concept of Smart power grid *

7. Comparison between conventional power grid and smart grid* *

8. Difference between conventional power grid and smart grid*

9. Benefits of Smart grid Generation (Distributed)
Security
DSM
Load management
Demand response
Network topology
Generation (Distributed)
Transmission (Bi-directional)
Distribution
Computational ability
Communications infrastructure
Reliability
Intelligent Fault detection
Intelligent Fault anticipation
Sustainability
Bank of electrical energy reservoirs
Demand side management(DSM
Fig. 4: Smart grid units
Fig.5: Main features of smart grid *

10. Distribution generation
Smart grid will enable renewable resources i.e.
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydro energy plants
Bio-gas energy plants e.t.c.
Promotes consumers to:
actively participate
energy management system
Smart grid will lessen
CO2 emission benefits
Fig. 6: Expected CO2 emission *

11. Distribution Energy storage banks
Grid energy storage is a collection of methods
Used to store electrical energy on a large scale.
Electrical energy is stored
When production exceeds consumption
returned to the grid when
production falls below consumption
Some notable energy storage projects
include*
Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations
 Bear Swamp Hydroelectric Power Station 
Seneca Pumped Storage Generating Station 
Salina Pumped Storage Project
Carters Dam 
Smith Mountain Dam 
Matanoagawa Dam
Fig. 7: Energy Storage Systems *

12. 11/6/2018