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2. Land Pollution refers to : - The contamination of the land mainly by waste. - The degradation of Earth's land surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. 2

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4. Trinidad and Tobago Cuba AntiguaJamaica Dominican Republic Guyana Haiti 4

5. Mining activities, where heavy metals, sulfuric acid and other toxic chemicals used in the mining process leeches from mining waste into the soil, contaminating it leakage of untreated sewage from underground sewage pipes into the surrounding soil. 5

6. 6 The emission of acid-rain forming air pollutants (e.g. sulfur dioxide), as well as the extensive use of acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers, which increase the acid content of the contaminated soil Improper irrigation practices that lead to soil salination (i.e. accumulation of free salts in soil that lead to soil degradation).

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8. 8 The Beetham Landfill is located on the outskirts of the city of Port Of Spain. The Beetham site covers more than 61 hectares of land and is among one of the largest in the country.The landfill has been in existence for over 30 years, most of the countries garbage is dumped there. This is an example where land pollution is blatantly depicted.The Beetham accepts an average of 875 tonnes of waste per day and serves the catchments area form Chagaramas to south Curepe and areas to the south of Chaguanas. In addition to solid waste, the site also accommodates a bottle recovery facility and a fecal waste stabilization pond system. The landfill has officially reached its maximum storage capacity and is scheduled for closure.

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10. 10 Type of Waste BeethamForres ParkGuanapo Organics26.7%45%28.5% Paper19.7%18%20.3% Glass10.5%8%6.3% Metals10.4%8%9.5% Plastics19.9%13%19.6 Textiles7.3%4%9.2% Rubber & Leather 5.3%2%6.6% Source: SWMCOL

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13. 13 Jamaica is the worlds fourth (4 th ) largest producer of bauxite ore and alumina. The bauxite mined is exported in its raw form or in its processed form as alumina. It is an important industry in Jamaica contributing about 10% of the countrys GDP per year. It provides about 15000 jobs directly and 100,000 jobs indirectly for Jamaicans. The largest known deposits of bauxite are located in the parishes of St. Ann, Manchester, St. Elizabeth, Trelawny and Clarendon. The ore is found near the surface of the ground and is thus easy to mine. The common method of mining is the open cast method.

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16. 16 LevelMeasures to reduce air pollution Individual level Use public transport as much as possible Use refrigerators and air-conditioners that do not use CFCs Use energy-saving light bulbs Use products with green label National level Legislate or pass laws to reduce poisonous gas emissions, e.g. Clean Air Act, 1970 (US) Have government agencies to monitor and check on polluters, e.g. the Ministry of Health and Environmental Control, Jamaica Regional or international level Participate in international cooperation Sign international agreements to reduce air pollution