1. Unit 2: Craft and Structure
Black Hills High School
Junior English
2012

2. Unit 2: Craft and Structure
This unit examines how an author crafts and organizes informational texts, specifically from the Revolutionary Period of American Literature

3. Unit 2 Objectives
Analyze specific language (emotive, evocative, formal and impersonal), rhetorical content and organizational strategies to convey meaning
Identify the author’s purpose and how/if the author’s word choice, structure and persuasive techniques are effective.
Identify and explain historic and literary significance of America’s founding documents.
Analyze how tone is established in persuasive writing.
Analyze the use of literary elements in persuasive writing.
Compare and contrast points of view in arguments presented on related issues.
Analyze the qualities of an effective argument.
Apply knowledge of effective arguments when writing one of your own.

4. Day 1 Literary Terms for Unit 2
Analogy
Aphorism
Appeals: Logical, emotional and ethical
Archetype
Connotation
Denotation
Loaded words: Persuasive technique using emotionally charged words
Maxim
Metaphor
Oxymoron
Parallel Structure/Parallelism
Personification
Persuasive Techniques: Logic/reason, emotion and fear
Repetition
Rhetorical Questions
Simile

5. Day 2 Warm Up Loaded words a. Persuasive technique based on reason
Parallelism b. Persuasive technique: repeating word or phrase to emphasize a point
Logical Appeal c. Emotionally charged words
Emotional Appeal d. Persuasive technique: question asked for effect
Repetition e. The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures
Rhetorical Questions f. Persuasive technique based strong feelings

6. Day 2: Unit 2 Introduction
Purpose: Identify themes in American literature, background knowledge on American revolutionary ideals.
Turn to Page 14 in Holt Textbook
Power Notes on- 1. The Age of Reason: Tinkers and Experimenters, 2. Rationalist World View (text box pg 15), 3. The Smallpox Plague, 4. A Practical Approach to Change, 5. Deism: Are People basically Good?, 6. Self-made Americans.

7. Day 3 Warm Up
Journal: How true is the old saying, “Sticks and stones can break your bones, but names will never hurt you?”

8. Day 3: Connotation/Denotation
Objective: Determining the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative language and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging or beautiful.
Watch and take notes on Connotation/Denotation Power Point
Practice using handout analyzing words.
We will do the first 2 together as a class.

9. Unit 2 Day 4 Warm Up
Analogy a. Figure of speech giving non-human things human
characteristics
Aphorism b. One on one comparison between two things to show how they are alike
Maxim c. Brief, cleverly worded & wise statement about life
Metaphor d. a rule of conduct
Simile e. Comparing 2 dissimilar things using like or as
Personification f. Comparing 2 dissimilar things without using like or as

10. Day 5 Warm Up:
Archetype a. a typical character, action or situation that seems to represent a universal pattern in culture or literature
Connotation b. The use of logic, emotion or fear to sway a person’s opinion or actions
Denotation c. a figure of speech that seems self contradictory
Oxymoron d. the literal or dictionary definition of a word
Persuasive Techniques e. the implied or emotional meaning surrounding a word

11. Day 6: Aphorisms
Read introductory info as a class, page 75, plus information on aphorisms.
Read Poor Richard’s aphorisms on page 76.
Complete handout (connecting modern translations with original aphorisms)
Students create three modern (and appropriate) aphorisms of their own & share with a classmate.
Select one to create into a bumper sticker to post in the room.

12. Day 7 Warm Up
Why do we sing the “Star-Spangled Banner” today? Why this particular song? When is this song played in modern society?
Objective: Determining the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative language and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging or beautiful.

13. Day 7: Star Spangled Banner
Read poem (handout)
Identify loaded words
In partners, change the loaded words in one stanza into denotative ones.
Share with class
How do the changes affect the overall power/message of the poem? Why does an author choose to use specific words in a piece?
Author’s word choice and attitude = Tone
End of lesson: Ticket out the door—Do you think “the Star-Spangled Banner” truly reflects the American Spirit? Why or why not?

14. Day 8 Warm Up Matching Vocabulary Quiz
Lesson Objective: Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness the author uses in his argument. Also be able to identify the persuasive techniques used by the author.

15. Day 8: Patrick Henry
Historical background: This speech was given to the Virginia House of Commons, and was a resolution to form a militia and prepare to fight the British.
Focus on Persuasion, page 81. Discuss appeals to emotion and reason.
Read, p
Discuss persuasive techniques observed and write examples for each of the following:
Emotional and Logical Appeals — T Chart with at least 6 each
How Henry builds his argument (structure of speech)
Find 3 examples: loaded words, rhetorical questions, parallelism
Find 2 examples of repetition
Pg 85 Questions 2-7

16. Day 9 warm Up:
Journal: What does Liberty mean to you? Explain in detail.
Lesson Objective: Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness the author uses in his argument. Also be able to identify the persuasive techniques used by the author.

17. Day 9: Patrick Henry Cont.
Listen to audio and read, p Pause to answer margin questions.
After listening
Discuss persuasive techniques observed and write examples for each of the following:
Example of repetition
2 examples of parallelism
3 examples of loaded words
What makes Henry’s speech so effective?

18. Day 10 Warm Up
Journal: When were you last in a fight? What things would you be willing to fight about even though they don’t directly threaten you? Lesson Objective: Determine the connotative and figurative meanings of the text, analyze the impact of specific word choices. Also students will identify the persuasive techniques used by the author, and evaluate their effectiveness.

19. Day 10: Thomas Paine
Discuss Style on page 88, as well as analogy and anecdotes.
Listen to audio of “The Crisis” as we read, pausing to answer and discuss margin questions in teacher text, and true/false questions at end of text (page 93 of teacher text).
Answer questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11 and do the chart, all on page You may compare answers with a partner the last 5 minutes of class if you choose.

20. Day 11 Warm Up
Journal: How difficult would it be to rebel against your government? What do you risk besides your life? What would it take for you to consider joining a revolution against the U.S. Government? What do you think made it easier for the Colonists to rebel against the British than it would be for an American rebelling against the U.S. Government?

21. Day 11: Thomas Paine Cont. Finish:
Listen to audio of “The Crisis” as we read, pausing to answer and discuss margin questions in teacher text, and true/false questions at end of text (page 93 of teacher text).
Answer questions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11 and do the chart, all on page 95. You may compare answers with a partner the last 5 minutes of class if you choose.

22. Day 12-13: Persuasive Letter
Today we will be writing a letter to the building and school administrators taking a stand on the new policy banning student body contests and competitions between Black Hills High School and Tumwater High School.
Requirements:
You must take a stand supporting or challenging the new policy.
You must have at least 4 persuasive elements in your letter and at least 3 different types of persuasive techniques.
Be sure that your spelling, grammar and punctuation are correct.
You will need to submit it to turnitin.com and print a hard copy.

23. Day 14 Warm Up
Journal: What do you consider one of the most important political issues we have today? Why?
Objective: Analyze a foundational U.S document, analyze and evaluate the structure the writer uses in his argument as well as evaluate the effectiveness of word choice.

24. Day 14-15: Declaration of Independence
Discuss Jeffersonian Democracy and states’ rights, and whether the issue is solved today
Discuss Parallelism, page 98.
Read The Declaration of Independence. As you read, pay attention to techniques and devices used for persuasion! (sticky tags)
Posters on walls—Loaded Words, Appeals to Reason, Appeals to Emotion, Analogies, Allusion, Rhetorical Questions (6)
Go back to sticky tags—write down the quote on a sticky note, post notes on the posters where you think they belong.
Students review post-its, revise any they think are misplaced.
Discuss each poster and device as it applies.
Structure analysis
Discuss the actual structure of the Declaration. How does Jefferson build up his argument?

25. Day 14 Unit Test