1. Section Four Urban problems

2. Urban problems of Hong Kong Traffic congestion

3. §Too many vehicles. §Too few roads. §Roads are too narrow. §Almost half of the population lives in the New Territories but most job opportunities are found in Kowloon and on Hong Kong Island.

4. Traffic congestion §Therefore, many vehicles move into urban areas everyday. §Main urban areas are seperated by Victoria Harbour.Traffic is very congested on both sides of the Cross Harbour Tunnel.

5. Urban problems of Hong Kong Air pollution

6. §Air quality is becoming worse. §Most of the pollutants come from traffic, industries and construction works. §People have higher chance of getting respiratory disease.

7. Urban problems of Hong Kong Water pollution

8. §Domestic waste water is not treated before it is discharged into the sea. §Waste water contains a lot of bacteria which pollutes seafood.

9. §Waste water from factories contains toxic chemicals and metals which poison marine life, e.g. Chinese White Dolphins. §Some of the beaches become unsuitable for swimming.

10. Urban problems of Hong Kong Noise pollution

11. Noise pollution is mainly caused by: 1. Road traffic and railways. §Too many vehicles on the roads. §Buildings are close to roads and flyovers and railways.

12. 2. Aircraft §Some people live under the flight path in areas like Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin are affected by loud noise produced by the passing of aircrafts.

13. Urban problems of Hong Kong Solid waste

14. Solid waste is mainly from: §Domestic and public cleansing. §Construction. §Commercial. §Industrial. Most of them are dumped into landfills. Only some metal, plastic and paper are recycled.

15. Urban problems of Hong Kong Urban decay

16. §The buildings in old inner city are worn out and may collapse. §The facilities are not enough. §Little open space or parks. §Bad living conditions. §People living there do not have money to repair the buildings.

18. Causes of urban problems §Population growth §Heavy traffic §Poor land use planning §People do not care about the environment

19. Population growth §Population living in Hong Kong has been increasing. Reasons: A. Natural increase §When there are more births than deaths. §Hong Kong has better sanitary conditions and medical facilities. §Few babies die after birth and people have longer life.

20. B.Migration §It means movement of people. §2 types of movement a. Immigration b. Emigration §When more people immigrate than emigrate, population will increase.

21. Problems: §Not enough houses. §Overcrowding. §Facilities may not be sufficient.

22. Heavy traffic §Too many vehicles. §Too few roads. §Narrow streets. §Buildings are too close to roads and railways. Problems: §Air and noise pollution.

23. Poor land use planning §In the past, land use planning was not important. §Mixed land use zones are found. §For examples, industries are found in residential areas.Peoples homes are too close to highways or flyovers.

24. People do not care about the environment §The public (citizens) §The factory owners do not treat the waste water. §The car owners do not fix the cars that black smoke is emitted from their cars.

25. How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems? Build new sewage treatment facilities Water quality

26. Sewage disposal scheme How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems? Water quality

27. Set up water control zones and waste water must be treated before discharging it into the zones How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems? Water quality

28. Use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in taxis Air quality How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

29. New private cars must use unleaded petrol Air quality How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

30. Use cleaner fuel and monitoring stations are set up to check air quality. Air quality How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

31. Build noise shields along busy roads Noise How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

32. Use low noise materials to pave the road surface Noise How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

33. Noise §Air-conditioners are installed in schools windows with two sheets of glass. §Old airport is closed in densely populated areas.

34. Build new landfills Solid waste How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

35. Recycling of waste such as papers and aluminum cans Solid waste How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

36. Introduction of the Waste Reduction Plan Solid waste How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

37. To reduce population pressure in old urban areas.

38. How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems?

39. Transport development §Almost half of the total population are living in the New Territories. §It needs an efficient transport system. New roads §For example, the New Territories Circular Road links all new towns in the New Territories with Kowloon. Railways §For examples, Airport Railway and West Rail.

40. How does Hong Kong solve its urban problems? Reclamation around Victoria Harbour

41. Urban renewal Yau Ma Tei The Land Development Corporation is redeveloping the old urban areas.

42. Sheung Wan Urban renewal

43. Reclamation + Urban renewal = Metroplan What is metroplan?