1. The Byzantine Empire

2. The Byzantine Empire Where did it all start?
As the Roman Empire began to collapse there was a split between the eastern Greek speaking Christians and western Christians now controlled by the Barbarian tribes of Europe.

3. The Byzantine Empire Why did the Split occur?
In 325 CE____________called the bishops of hundreds of churches together to discuss religious doctrine
This was known as the ____________
Nicaea is located in modern day __________
The main focus was the importance of Jesus and how he related to God. Who was more important.
Many bishops could not agree.

4. The Byzantine Empire So what?
Because of these disagreements churches in Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem and Constantinople begin to appoint their own _______, set up their own dioceses, and develop their own church ___________
In the west Latin becomes the official language of the church while in the east ______becomes the language of the church
Each believes that they are right

5. The Byzantine Empire Rome Falls
In 286 CE the Roman Empire had become too big to control
The Empire was split into the east and west
In 330 Constantine unites the Roman Empire in Constantinople
In 395 CE the Empire was then again split between east and west
The eastern half was called the ___________________

6. The Byzantine Empire How was the Byzantine Empire different from Rome?
_________ was the official language
Dome architecture
It culturally aligned itself with those in eastern Europe, _______________
They practiced ______________ Christianity

7. The Byzantine Empire As Rome Fell In the East
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by one absolute ruler
All economic systems were controlled by the Emperor
As was true in the Roman Empire
The Emperor set
Prices
Grain shipments
Controlled the types of trade goods to be sold
Coined money was used for trade

8. The Byzantine Empire Constantinople Became the
religious center for the _________________Church
the crossroads between the Muslim Middle east and the Christian west
the center of trade for sea trade in the Mediterranean
The center of overland trade with the Silk Road linking Europe with China, India, The Middle East and The East Indies
Rivaled __________ for cultural and economic supremacy

9. The Byzantine Empire Justinian (527-565)
Restored the former glory of Rome to the Empire
Developed the __________
____________
Codification of Roman law which kept __________
________legal principles alive
Developed the Arts and Sciences
Constructed major churches (________________)
Mastery of mosaic art

10. The Byzantine Empire Who ruled the church?
In the _____ the power of the church was centralized into the hands of the ________.
In the ________ the ______________________was seen as the head of the church

11. The Byzantine Empire _________________________
Around CE the relationship between the ____________ Roman Catholic Church and the _________Orthodox worsened.
The church leaders in Byzantium challenged the authority and the territorial jurisdiction of the Pope.
The Orthodox Christians did not like having to follow the rules of _____________

12. The Byzantine Empire
By 1054 CE neither side could agree on various aspects of the church
In 1054 CE the Pope excommunicated the leaders of the Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church excommunicated the Pope
From 1054 CE the Orthodox Church would influence eastern Europe while the Roman Catholic Church would control the western portion of Europe

13. The Byzantine Empire Impact of the Orthodox Church on the East
By the 9th century Russia was converted to Orthodox Christianity
_______________spread Orthodox Christianity
Vladimir the Prince of Kiev turns to Orthodox after examining Islam, Judaism and Roman Catholicism
It is said it picked Orthodox because there were no food restrictions that accompanied the religion
______________________was introduced and is still used today in parts of Russia

14. The Byzantine Empire
Russian followed traditions of the Orthodox Church and did not follow the reforms of the Roman Catholic Church
However without the support of the RCC during the Mongol invasion Russia and eastern Europe was left to defend itself with little help from the rest of Europe
Russia will develop into a culturally and politically different nation than the rest of Europe under the influence of the Orthodox Church

15. The Byzantine Empire Cultural Achievements Architecture
______________(Sacred Wisdom)
Use of ornamentation of religious centers and churches
Religious Art
Holy images against gold backgrounds influenced western art
Musical
Chanting which would later be employed in Roman Catholic Churches

16. The Byzantine Empire Women
The Byzantine Empire followed the rules of traditional Roman society
Family life was centered around the father
While women enjoyed some freedom in public this changed by the 7th century
Women found themselves confined to homes and wearing veils not unlike their Muslim neighbors.

17. The Byzantine Empire Problems
While the empire looked strong on paper it was actually slowly weakening
Warfare
Constant fighting on both the northern and southern boarders depleted military power and money
Between 634 and 650 the Arabs took most the Byzantine holding in Africa (Egypt, Tunisia) The Middle East (Syria)
By 1453 The Muslim Empire had taken over the Byzantine Empire

18. The Byzantine Empire Problems Warfare Muslims
Because the Muslims took so much of the Byzantine Empire many of the people that were Christians converted to Islam
Warfare in the North
Between the CE Germanic tribes from the west and Slavic tribes from the north east migrated into and fought with the Byzantine Empire

19. The Byzantine Empire Inside the Empire
In the late 500’s the Empire suffered an outbreak of the _____________________

20. The Byzantine Empire Problems
The decline in _______________ lead to a decline in the wealth of the empire
The urban elite shrank and this caused those families who were still wealthy to begin to fight for their own power and control.
As with Japan it lead to a battle of aristocratic families
By 1118 the Emperor of the Empire stated that he felt more like a lord and not like a ruler

21. The Byzantine Empire Conclusion
By the 1242 the Mongols had taken over Russia
By the 14th Century the Muslims had taken over the Byzantine Empire and began to move into Eastern Europe
In the 1400’s Ivan III expanded the territory around Moscow driving out the Mongols. The Eastern Orthodox Church would move out of Constantinople and center itself in Moscow.