1. Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computers and the Internet
Basic functions of a Computer
Input – entering info into the computer (e.g. keyboard, mouse, mic, touchscreen)
Processing – perform operations on the data (e.g. do calculations to play a game)
Output – present the results (e.g. display on monitor, speakers, printer)
Storage – save data, programs for future use (e.g. hard drive, flash drive, DVD)
Communications – communicate with other computers (e.g. modems and routers communicate with the network or Internet)

2. Generations of Computers

3. Categories of Computers
Smart Phone
Tablet Computer – e.g. iPad
Desktop Computer – usually a non-portable Windows PC or Mac.
Laptop/Notebook - a portable computer usually running Windows or Mac OS.
Servers – computers that host data and services such as databases, web servers, and servers.
Mainframe Computers – large multi-user computers used by businesses.
Supercomputer – fastest computers for CPU intensive applications such as science and engineering.
Embedded computer – a computer built into a device for a single purpose. E.g. televisions and cars have embedded computers.
Internet Appliance – home devices and appliances connected to the Internet – e.g. smart light bulbs, video doorbell, home AI devices

4. Cloud Computing Virtualization
Cloud Computing refers to data and programs being located on the Internet instead of one’s own computer. Examples include iCloud, OneDrive, Google Drive
Virtualization
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual computer platform that runs on a different platform.
In this picture, the Windows OS is being run virtually on a MacOS computer.

5. Internet
The Internet is the largest computer network in the world. The word “Internet” comes from “Inter-connected networks” because the TCP/IP protocol allows for everyone’s own network to connect to others.
The company that provides you with Internet access is called an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Name some ISP’s that you use?
The World Wide Web (WWW) refers to the collection of web pages that link to each other. Note that web pages are only one application the Internet is used for.
What else do we use the Internet for other than WWW?
Every computer and web server on the Internet is identified by its IP address (same idea as a telephone number). The domain name system (DNS) allows us to use domain names (e.g. Facebook.com) instead of its IP address (e.g ).
What’s the IP address of your computer?

6. Domain Names
A domain name identifies a web site on the Internet – e.g. Amazon.com
The top-level domain (TLD) was originally
intended to identify the type of organization:
Soon after, new 2 letter TLD’s were set
up for each country (e.g. .us or .mx)
A few more have been added since then
such as .jobs and .mobi
Go to a domain name registrar and search for yourname.com
Is it already registered?
URL (uniform resource locater) uniquely identifies a web site. It is also just known as the web site’s address.
e.g.
What the protocol? TLD? folder(s)? file?

7. Protecting Your Computer
Do not open executable (.exe) attachments. These could be contained in a compressed zip folder.
You do not get viruses from pictures, music, or video. Be careful that you are not tricked into installing a program when viewing them. E.g. a new media player, plug-in, download manager, etc.
Think twice about installing any program. Do you really need it? Does it come from a reputable software company? Is the site you’re downloading it from reputable?
Password protect your computer’s login and your phone. If it gets stolen then your personal information could be compromised.
Backup!!!! You only need to brush the teeth you want to keep. You only need to backup the data you want to keep.

8. Intellectual Property
Name the different types of Intellectual Property (click)
Books, Music, Movies, Paintings, Trademarks, Inventions, Software
The three main types of intellectual property rights are
1. Copyrights – protects books, music, movies, software. They normally last for 70 years after the creator’s death.
2. Trademarks – protects a phrase, symbol, or design that identifies a product.
3. Patents – protects inventions.

9. Home Network Diagram