1. Climate Change and Ozone Loss
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
14th Edition
Chapter 21

2. Key Concepts
Changes in Earth’s climate over time
Factors affecting climate
Possible effects of global warming
Adapting to climate change
Human impacts on the ozone layer
Protecting and restoring the ozone layer

3. Past Climate Changes Recent trends in global temperatures
Past global temperatures
Recent trends in global temperatures

4. The Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases (Refer to Table 21-1 p. 464)

5. Projecting Future Changes in Earth’s Climate
Climate models
Modeling from the 1990
Apparent influence of human activities
Could be natural changes

6. Climate Change and Human Activities
Increased use of fossil fuels
Global warming
Melting icecaps and glaciers
Planet in Peril – Sea Level Rise
Rising sea level
Deforestation

7. Factors Affecting the Earth’s Temperature
Changes in solar output
Changes in Earth’s albedo
Moderating effect of oceans
Clouds and water vapor
Air pollution

8. Some Possible Effects of a Warmer World

9. Possible Benefits from a Warmer Atmosphere
Solutions: Dealing with the Threat of Climate Change
Less severe winters
More precipitation in some dry areas
Less precipitation in some wet areas
Increased food production in some areas
Expanded population and ranges of some species
Options
Do nothing
Do more research
Act now to reduce risks
Precautionary principle

10. Removing CO2 from the Atmosphere
Capture and sequester
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Kyoto Treaty (1997)
U.S. withdraws from Kyoto Treaty (2001)
Other reductions in CO2

11. Loss of the Ozone Layer: Reasons for Concern
Increased incidence and severity of sunburn
Increase in eye cataracts
Increased incidence of skin cancer
Skin Cancer
Immune system suppression
Increase in acid deposition
Lower crop yields and decline in productivity
Seasonal Ozone Layer Thinning at the Poles
Ozone thinning (hole)
Polar vortex

12. Ozone Depleting Chemicals
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Halons
Methyl bromide
Carbon tetrachloride
Methyl chloroform
Hydrogen chloride
Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere

13. Former Uses of CFCs Solutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer
Air Conditioners
Refrigerators
Spray cans
Cleaners for electronic parts
Sterilizing medical instruments
Fumigants for granaries and cargo ships
Solutions: Protecting the Ozone Layer
CFC substitutes
Montreal Protocol
Copenhagen Protocol