1. Chapter 8: The Digestive System 5th Edition Professor Fowler
Medical Terminology
Chapter 8: The Digestive System
5th Edition
Professor Fowler

2. Chapter 8 Combining Forms
An/o: anus
Dent/o: teeth
Append/o, appendic/o: appendix
Duoden/o: duodenum
Enter/o: small intestine
Bar/o: weight
Esophag/o: esophagus
Bucc/o: cheek
Gastr/o: stomach
Cec/o: cecum
Gingiv/o: gingiva
Chol/e: bile
Gloss/o: tongue
Cholangi/o: bile duct
Hepat/o: liver
Cholecyst/o: gallbladder
Ile/o: ileum
Choledoch/o: bile duct
Col/o, colon/o: colon

3. Chapter 8 Combining Forms
Jejun/o: jejunum
Proct/o: anus & rectum
Labi/o: lip
Pylor/o: pylorus
Lapar/o: abdomen
Rect/o: rectum
Lingu/o: tongue
Sialaden/o: salivary glands
Lith/o: stone
Odont/o: teeth
Sigmoid/o: sigmoid
Or/o: mouth
Palat/o: palate
Pancreat/o: pancreas
Pharyng/o: pharynx

4. Chapter 8 Suffixes -emesis: vomitting -lithiasis: condition of stones
-orexia: appetite
-pepsia: digestion
-phagia: eat, swallow
-prandial: pertaining to a meal
-tripsy: surgically crush

5. Vocabulary/ Signs and Symptoms
Anorexia: no appetite
Diarrhea: loose watery stools
Ascites: fluid in abd
Bowel Incontinence: inability to control bowels
Emesis: vomitting
Jaundice: yellow skin
Melena: dark stool
Cachexia: wt loss due to chronic illness
Nausea: urge to vomit
Obesity: overweight
Constipation: inability to move bowels
Polyp: stem like attachment
Dental Caries: cavities
Pyrosis: heartburn
Denture: false teeth
Regurgitation: to flow backwards

6. Pathology Herpes Labialis: oral herpes
Diverticulitis: pockets in bowel
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease
Diverticulosis: inflammation of diverticula
Hiatal Hernia: protrusion of stomach through diaphragm into thoracic cavity Inguinal Hernia: protrusion of bowel through abd
Hemorrhoids: dilated anal veins
IBS: irritable bowel syndrome
Cholelithiasis: gall stones

7. Figure 8.10 A hiatal hernia or diaphragmatocele.

8. Figure 8.13 An inguinal hernia.

9. Figure 8. 11B Photomicrograph of a gastric ulcer. (Dr. E
Figure 8.11B Photomicrograph of a gastric ulcer. (Dr. E. Walker/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

10. Figure 8.12 Diverticulosis.

11. Figure 8. 15 Endoscopic view of a polyp in the colon
Figure 8.15 Endoscopic view of a polyp in the colon. Note the mushroom-like shape, an enlarged top growing at the end of a stem. It is being removed by means of a wire loop slipped over the polyp and then tightened to cut it off. (David M. Martin, M.D./ Photo Researchers, Inc.)

12. Figure 8. 17B A gallbladder specimen with multiple gallstones
Figure 8.17B A gallbladder specimen with multiple gallstones. (Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

13. Abbreviations Ac: before meals HCV: Hep C Ba: barium Hcl: hydrochoride
BE: barium enema
HSV-1: herpes simplex
BM: bowel movement
FOBT: fecal occult blood test
GERD
GI: gastrointestinal
HAV: Hep A
HBV: Hep B

14. Abbreviations IBS NG: nasogastric NPO: nothing by mouth
n&v: nausea and vomitting
O & P: ova and parasites
Pc: after meals
PO: by mouth
Pp: postprandial
PUD: peptic ulcer disease
UGI: upper gastrointestinal series

15. The Digestive System Also known as gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Includes 30 feet of muscular tube
Organs: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm and lg intestines
Accessory organs: liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands
Purposes:
Digestion (break down food)
Absorption (soak in)
Elimination (get rid of)

16. Oral Cavity (or/o) Tongue (lingu/o) – muscular organ – moves food
Taste buds – sweet, sour, salty, bitter
Saliva – moistens food and starts sugar digestion
Palate – roof of mouth
Uvula – speech and gag reflex
Cheeks (bucc/o) –sides – helps move food
Lips (labi/o) – anterior - entrance
Gingiva (gums) (gingiv/o)
Teeth (dent/o, odont/o)
Deciduous
permanent

17. Pharynx (pharyng/o) The throat
Use only the oropharynx and the larygnopharynx
Epiglottis

18. Esophagus(esophag/o)
Muscular tube
10 inches long
Peristalsis: muscular contractions

19. Stomach (gastr/o) J shaped Rugae: folds or ridges – indicates fullness
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) – acid only in stomach – breaks down food
Chyme – mixture of food and HCl
Sphincters

20. Small Intestine (enter/o)
Major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients from food
3 parts
Duodenum (duoden/o) – 10 to 12 inches
Jejunum (jejun/o) – 8 feet long
Ileum (ile/o) – 12 feet long

21. Colon (col/o) Water reabsorbed Feces - defecation 5 feet long 5 parts
Cecum – pouch like sac – lower (R) abd - appendix
Ascending – up (R) side
Transverse – across upper abd
Descending – down (L) abd
Sigmoid – s shaped – to middle of body
Rectum (rect/o) - holds feces – involuntary sphincter
Anus (an/o) – to outside world – voluntary sphincter
Feces – solid waste

22. Accessory Organs Salivary Glands (sialaden/o) Liver (hepat/o)
Secretes saliva in mouth
Watery and slick
Amylase –enzyme for sugar
Liver (hepat/o)
Secretes bile to breakdown fat
(emulsification)

23. Accessory Organs Gallbladder (cholecyst/o) Pancreas (pancreat/o)
Stores bile until needed
Common bile duct: carries buffers from pancreas and bile from gallbladder to duodenum
Pancreas (pancreat/o)
Used in digestive and endocrine system
Secretes buffer to
neutralize acid