2. Introduction to the Unconsciouspm
PC414

3. Administration
The Building
Feedback Forms

4. Adrian Scott MSc Senior MBACP Accredited Counsellor & Supervisor

5. Paper Free! pdf files on website Skills -menu
Please respect the copyright – Do not share

6. My Training Diploma in Psychodynamic Counselling 1995
Highgate Counselling Centre (Ex WPF)
Apprenticeship Model – Own therapy Unconscious life!

7. My Experience MBACP Senior Accredited Counsellor
MBACP Senior Accredited Supervisor for Individuals and Groups
Managed Counselling services in Voluntary Sector Providence Row, Brent MIND, Southwark Carers, Phasca, CNWL PCT, Minster Centre, Survivorsuk, MiE, MiH
Bereaved, Homeless, Mental health, Carers

8. Expert Not a guru or unconscious expert Do not know everything
Ideas to be Debated / Challenged

9. Other City Literary Courses
Introduction to Psychodynamic Counselling
Working with Bereavement
Living through Bereavement

10. Morning Session 10.40 Introduction 10.55 Icebreaker Exercise
12.00 History & Theory of the Unconscious
1pm Lunch  

11. Afternoon Session 2pm Unconscious Exercise /Mindfulness Group
2.45pm Break
3pm History & Theory of the Unconscious
Case Examples - Video
4.15 Round Up / Administration
4.30 End

12. Your Experience & Ideas Examples

13. Audio Visual
Short clips

14. Learning Outcomes
An Understanding of some of the History of the Unconscious
An Understanding of some of the Theory of the Unconscious
An Understanding of some of your own Unconscious

15. The Day Wide range of skills in the room
Hope you all get something out of it
I am not an expert on The Unconscious
Encourage you to have your own view

16. Boundaries
Look after yourselves the Unconscious can be a difficult and emotive subject
Do not say anything you do not want to say. This is not a therapy group!
Confidentiality Agreement -
All information should be kept to this room
and with this group of people.

17. Icebreaker Exercise Ask Your Colleague: 1. What brought you here?
2. What is your interest and experience of the
subject?
3. What do you want from the day?
You will be asked to briefly and concisely to report back what
your colleague has told you to the group, and check with your
colleague how you did!

18. What do you want from the Day?
Are there any Topics, Issues, that you would like to focus or discuss today?
Write on flip chart

19. 10-15 minute Break

20. Theory of the Unconscious

21. Our Relationship to Theory

22. The Theory
Tool
Guide

23. Theory Overview Freud How the Unconscious works Nervous System
Psychoanalysis – transference
Unconscious Bias / Johari Window

24. Introduction to the Unconscious
How do I introduce the unconscious?
Like air – feel but not see?
Light and shadow?
We are hidden to ourselves
Scepticism – it doesn’t exist?

25. Use of Unconscious Can be used by anyone
A reason to rationalise their own or other people’s bad behaviour
To rationalise strange behaviour and events

26. Everyday Link to the Unconscious
Unconscious / Freud
Freudian slip
Humour – UK Culture of Manners – unable to be honest?
Dreams Free Association Meditation
Childhood
Marketing / Selling / Business
Self Development

27. Agreement on what it is? As we go about everyday life
Another force or energy
Contributes to our decisions

28. Happy If we are happy the Unconscious becomes less relevant
If we are unhappy – modern distractions do not work
The unconscious can be a way of understanding upset

29. The Rapport / Relationship
Constant throughout History
Relationship between magnetiser and magnetised
Word ‘Rapport’ from physics – people in a chain with electricity passing through them
Hypnotiser’s Sensitivity to what was being said
Patients belief in Hypnotiser

30. The Rapport / Relationship
Big improvement in symptoms under hypnosis
Patients feelings towards hypnotiser passionate, maternal love

31. Arrival of Freud!

32. Sigmund Freud
Freud was born of Jewish parentage in Freiburg, Moravia the first of seven children. The family moved in 1860 to Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic )
He went to Paris in 1885 to study under Jean Martin Charcot at the Salpetriere Hospital. There the hypnotic treatment of women, who suffered from a medical state called ‘hysteria’, led Freud to take an interest in psychiatry.

33. Influence of Josef Breuer
His former tutor, Breuer, had with some success by encouraging patients to talk about their past under hypnosis.
1895 they wrote Studies in Hysteria
Freud's idea was that all humans have an unconscious drive where potent sexual and aggressive drives, and defenses against them, struggle for supremacy.
Freud ‘discovered’ the unconscious mind… but the idea has been around since Homer.

35. Freud and the Psychoanalytic Unconscious
An iceberg is often used to provide a visual representation of Freud’s theory that most of the human mind operates unconsciously.
Conscious mind - ego
Unconscious mind Further divided into the id - instincts and drive
and the superego – conscience

36. Unconscious Terms Preconscious
Thoughts which are unconscious, but not repressed, able for recall
Capable of becoming conscious

37. Unconscious Terms Ego (I) Mediator Defenses are unconscious
Id (It) Instinctive part
Unconscious hereditary
Innate & Repressed / Acquired through
experience – in conflict with ego
Super ego (Over-I) Judge censor formation of ideals
Parental prohibitions and denials

38. Diagram of the Unconscious

39. Mental Iceberg

40. The Nervous System
Happy stimuli reached the nervous system – no reaction remains in a neutral state.
An unhappy stimuli provokes a greater reaction with more energy needed to keep it away.
Stimuli of anxious energy are repelled by the nervous system only to constantly return and to be again repelled. Repetition   
Unhappy thought and feelings keep being repelled by the nervous system and returning to it.

41. Diagram of the The Nervous System
Happy Thoughts
Neutral
Unhappy Thoughts
Energy

42. Summary of the Nervous System
The Nervous System wants to remain NEUTRAL Happy Energy / Thoughts are neutral
Unhappy energy / thoughts have ENERGY are not tolerated by the nervous system
Bounce off the nervous system to go where? The Unconscious?

43. Characteristics of the Unconscious
The Unconscious is full of energy from unpleasant repressed feelings
Always wants to escape to the Conscious
Always held back by the Pre Conscious and Conscious

44. Characteristics of the Unconscious
The Unconscious cannot remain unconscious?
How does it escape into the conscious?
How does it pass by the guards of the pre-conscious and conscious?

45. Note on the Unconscious
Patient put under Hypnosis
Told that he will wake up and perform the instructed action
Performs action without knowledge of why he is doing it, not aware!
Conscious action unconsciously set up

46. Note on the Unconscious
Example: Man asked to shout aloud every time the physician claps his hand
Which part of the hypnosis is conscious and unconscious? What is the rel between the clap and the shout?

47. Note on the Unconscious
All the triggers associated with the act are unconscious
The command clap hands
Physician’s influence
Recollection of the hypnotic state – the shout
All remain unknown (unconscious) to the patient

48. Note on the Unconscious
The shout only recognised as the conscious mind became aware of it
Is a shout a shout if it is not heard?
Trigger to the shout was the physician’s command – clap hands

49. Note on the Unconscious
Freud’s idea was that the unconscious was the place where painful feelings were placed by repression out of sight/out of mind

50. Note on the Unconscious
Energy needed for unconscious ideas to become conscious
Direct access to the unconscious creates repulsion and resistance
Conscious recognises unconscious ideas as unpleasant and pushes them back into Unconscious

51. Note on the Unconscious
Dreams / Free Association
Dreams are a train of thought aroused during the day – retains activity at night
Possible connections to unconscious - in childhood but repressed/excluded from conscious life

52. Note on the Unconscious
Two types of instinct
Ego/ Self preservation instincts
Sexual instincts

53. Note on the Unconscious
Reversal – only affects only the aims of the instincts
Active aim (to be angry) is replaced by
(make every one else angry)
Reversal of content: “I am angry” to
“I will make you angry”

54. Note on the Unconscious
Turning round the subject onto your own self
Masochism is sadism turned on the self
Repression denial, depression
Sublimation un-acceptable turned into acceptable consciously

55. Note on the Unconscious
Repression
Instinctual impulses meet with resistance the pass into repression
Best way to thwart an instinct is to reject it
with a judgement Authority/Super-ego/Father

56. Characteristics of the Unconscious
Uses Disguise
Opposites / Parallels / Symbols / Metaphors
Usually some connection to original idea

57. Unconscious Signals

58. Unconscious Signals

59. Unconscious Revealed? The Signals are hidden / unnoticeable
Parent Me
Don’t Hurt me
Hold Me
Rescue Me
Love Me
Complete Me
Help Me
Add to Me
Stay with Me
Soothe Me
Don’t Abuse Me
Lead Me

60. Unconscious Revealed? The Signals are hidden / unnoticeable
Reject Me
Hurt Me
Don’t Help Me
Let me sabotage
Don’t Stay with me
Don’t Complete me
Don’t Rescue me
Take away from me
Abuse Me
Agitate me
Follow me

61. Unconscious Revealed?
Still Face Experiment

62. Unconscious Revealed?

63. Unconscious Revealed? 2 people sitting in a room Talking Cure?
No answer – a journey

64. Unconscious Revealed?
One person (practitioner) holds onto their Unconscious
Empty Space
Other person’s unconscious revealed

65. Results of revealing the Unconscious ? - No Cure?
Not magically happier
Able to accept ourselves
Accept History we experienced
Not told how we experienced history

66. Environment for Revealing the Unconscious
Quiet Calm Slow Gentle Challenging
Reflective Not immediate Patience
No solution No outcome
Takes adjustment – Resistance Frustrating
Contrary to 21st Century culture

67. Unconscious Unknown No one’s unconscious can be known Not even our own
Are we able to reflect on what the unconscious is at any one time?????

68. Psychoanalysis & Archaeology
Freud’s Desk

69. Psychoanalysis Psychological theory conceived 19th / early 20th
Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions,
Mostly by some of Freud's students, such as Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Wilhelm Reich
Later by neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Jacques Lacan

70. Psychoanalysis
Development is determined by events in early childhood by irrational drives;
Drives are largely unconscious
Making person aware of meets resistance called defense mechanisms
Conflicts between conscious and unconscious (repressed)
Liberation from the effects of the unconscious is done by making it conscious with a psychoanalyst

71. Psychoanalysis Patient lies on the couch and talks
Analyst - Blank Screen / does not speak
Unconscious brought to light by
Free Association Dreams
Transference / Counter Transference

72. Psychoanalysis Realising the unconscious is like an archaeological dig
Brush away the earth to reveal another layer
Repeat unconscious ideas to patient at each level - Directions to Jerusalem

73. Psychoanalysis Transference
Unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another
The inappropriate repetition in the present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood
Redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object
Copying of emotions relating to repressed experiences, especially of childhood, and the substitution of another person ... for the original object of the repressed impulses
Better understanding of the patient's feelings

74. Psychoanalysis Transference
Transference can form a relationship of
Erotic Feelings
Rage / Hatred
Mistrust Parent / Extreme dependence Putting therapist in a god-like or guru status

75. Psychoanalysis Counter-Transference
Psychoanalyst’s feelings towards the patient
Emotional entanglement with a patient.
Psychoanalyst’s familiarity own countertransference is as critical as understanding the transference
Valuable insight into what patients are attempting to elicit in them.

76. Parallel to Hypnosis – Childhood Example
Awake child
Has a painful experience
Child “forgets / stores” experience (suggestion /command /trigger)
At later stage in adulthood - “forgotten experience” is remembered by (suggestion /command /trigger )
Adult relives childhood pain

77. Childhood Teaching Example
Child bitten by dog on a hill walk with family
Dog Lover Parent blames child. Child hurt.
Child “forgets” painful experience
Later in life “forgotten experience” is remembered by (suggestion /command/trigger)
Adult dislikes hill walking / dogs

78. Client working hard and fast in sessions
Transference Example
Client working hard and fast in sessions
In contact with painful difficult feelings to the point of being overwhelmed
After a month disclosed that she feels very frightened particularly before and after sessions

79. Transference Example
In Supervision Group a Trainee counsellor presented a caseload of clients (3) who in different ways are Dis-connected
Trainee talked about his frustration of clients’ stuckness, lack of reflection & not being with feelings

80. Jokes and The Unconscious
Stereotype
Jokes based on one theory Freud thinks that
jokes emerge from an unconscious aggression as a way
of bypassing the internal censor
Joking is about laughter replacing anxiety and fear
A way of expressing unconscious thoughts particularly in public and social situations