1. The Human Genome
Chapter 14

2. Human Chromosomes Humans have 46 chromosomes
23 from mom, 23 from dad - form homologous pairs
44 Autosomes
2 sex chromosomes
46,XX or 46,XY

3. Karyotypes

4. What if something goes wrong?

5. What is nondisjunction? Random event, not inherited trait

6. Translocation – pieces of chromosomes moved to other chromosomes
Trisomy – one extra chromosome: Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Kleinfelter’s syndrome 47, XXY
Monosomy – missing one chromosome Turner’s syndrome(45, X)

7. Pedigrees

8. Genes and the Environment
Polygenic traits – many human traits are controlled by more than one gene
Nutrition
Exercise
How does the environment affect your phenotype “Nature vs. Nurture”

9. Human Genes
There are nearly 30,000 human protein-coding genes in the human genome
Identification of genes that control blood type one of the first human genes to be identified
Codominant, multiple alleles

10. Blood Typing

11. Genetic Disorders (pg. 345)-inherited

12. Sex-Linked Genes
More than 100 genetic disorders mapped to the X chromosome
Y is much smaller with only a few genes

13. Sex-Linked Disorders Colorblindness Hemophilia
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy