1. The Middle Ages

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. Europe in the 6c

4. The Medieval Catholic Church
- filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
- monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

5. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
- tried to curb feudal warfare: only days a year for combat.
- curb heresies: crusades; Inquisition
Tithe: 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
- Peter’s Pence: 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

6. A Medieval Monk’s Day

7. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

8. Illuminated Manuscripts

9. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
-Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

10. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

11. Charlemagne’s Empire

12. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

13. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

14. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

15. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

16. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

17. Parts of a Medieval Castle

18. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

19. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

20. The Medieval Manor

21. Life on the Medieval Manor

22. The
"Renaissance"
of the 12c

23. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

24. Evolution of England’s Political System
- Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.
- Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

25. Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter”
- King John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.

26. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
- Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

27. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

28. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

29. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

30. Setting Out on Crusade

31. Christian Crusades: East and West

32. Medieval Universities

33. Oxford University

34. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

35. Medieval Trade

36. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
- Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices

37. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

38. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

39. The Black Death

40. The Culprits

41. The Famine of
By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate.
A population crisis developed.
Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between because of excessive rain.
As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died.
One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.

42. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

43. Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

44. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

45. Lancing a Bulba

46. The Disease Cycle Human is infected!
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.

47. Medieval Art & the Plague

48. Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!

49. Medieval Art & the Plague An obsession with death.

50. Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dinner with their ancestors.

51. The Danse Macabre

53. Attempts to Stop the Plague
“Leeching”
A Doctor’s Robe

54. Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins!

55. Pograms Attempts to Stop the Plague “Golden Circle” obligatory badge
against the Jews
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
“Jew” hat

56. Death Triumphant !: A Major Artistic Theme

57. The Mortality Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!

58. Signs of Strain
1. Growth of professional armies and new weapons
2. Shift in the balance between church and state
3. Breakdown of the intellectual and artistic synthesis…no more blending of rationalism and religion

59. Decline in the Medieval Church Political & Spiritual Poverty
Spiritual Authority
Temporal Authority
Political & Spiritual Poverty
Taxing the clergy [clericis laicos]
Royal courts vs. Church courts
Papal Bull [Unam Sanctam]
Marsilius of Padus [Defensor Pacis]

60. Decline in the Medieval Church Theological Differences
Official Church Beliefs
Heresies
Theological Differences
John Wycliffe
Lollards
John Huss

61. Decline in the Medieval Church
Popes
Church Councils [Conciliarism]
Internal Church Power
Innocent III
Boniface VIII
The Avignon Papacy [ ]
Pisa
Constance
Basel

62. Decline in the Medieval Church
FAITH [Scholasticism]
REASON [Roger Bacon & William of Ockham]
Intellectual Inquiry
Peter Abelard [Sic et Non]
Thomas Aquinas [Summa Theologica]

63. Decline in the Medieval Church
Church Corruption
Individual Piety
Religious Devotion
Inquisition
Rich Monasteries
Benefices
Lay Devotions
Beguines
Beghards