1. Cell Function

2. Cell Reproduction Mitosis – Process of cell dividing to reproduce
Creates identical replica with same chromosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell
(except gametes – sperm & egg)
All chromosomes are paired except sex chromosomes (X&Y chromosomes)
- called autosomes

3. Cell Reproduction Meiosis – Cell divides into 2 parts
Each cell has half the chromosomes
Meiotic cell division results in formation of sex cells
(gametes)
Two gametes with chromosomes from different parents into one cell is called fertilization
- offspring inherits any abnormal gene found on
chromosome of either parent

4. Heredity
The passing on of genetic info that determines characteristics of an individual person
-blood type
- physical appearance
- gender
Genes make up hereditary info in the cell
Genes are made up of protein chains called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA makes up structures called chromosomes

5. Heredity
Genotype: configuration of genetic info in the chromosome Phenotype: trait or appearance that results from the genotype Dominant gene: appears when only one gene is inherited Recessive genes: appear only when the gene is inherited from both parents & is present on both paired chromosomes

6. Heredity
Genetic information carried by the chromosomes is responsible for
development of ALL body cells and
formation of tissues, organs, and
body systems

7. Genetic Disorders Abnormal chromosomes cause many disorders
- inherited, heredity, or genetic disorders
Referred to as congenital or a condition
When symptoms appear, the condition is sometimes called syndrome
At least 3000 known genetic disorders
Common genetic disorders:
- Cleft lip/palate - Down Syndrome
- Clubfoot - Sickle Cell Anemia
- Cystic Fibrosis - Spina Bifida

8. CANCER (CA)

9. CANCER New growth of cells or neoplasm may be benign or malignant
Malignant growths spread and destroy body tissue
Benign growths are not cancerous and do not spread

10. CANCER
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that tend to spread (metastasize) and invade the tissue around them
Grow rapidly because they create their own blood vessels to take oxygen & nutrients from the body
Common sites:
- lungs - oral cavity
- breasts - bone marrow
- colon - uterus

11. CANCER Specific cause of CA is unknown
Results from mistake in a single cell’s division
- mutation
Many CA are thought to be result of exposure to something that induces it (carcinogen)
-More than 80% caused by smoking, exposure to
chemicals, radiation, & ultraviolet light
(such as the sun)
Body fights CA by forming antibodies against the abnormal cells

12. CANCER Factors associated with Cancer (CA): Age Bacterial Infection
Carcinogens
Diet
Environmental factors
Genetic mutations
Immune system problems
Physical activity
Viruses
Weight

13. CANCER
More than 12 cancers are believed to be inherited directly from one or both parents
Genes that cause cancer are called oncogenes
Inheriting a gene mutation does not necessarily mean that the person will definitely develop the cancer.
Inherited cancers include:
Breast, Colorectal, Melanoma, Ovarian, Prostate

14. Warning Signs of Cancer:
C = Change in bowel or bladder habits
A = A sore that does not heal
U = Unusual bleeding or discharge from any place
T = Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts
I = Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing
O = Obvious change in wart or mole
N = Nagging coughing or hoarseness
Many malignancies are curable if detected early!!