1. Consequences of Delayed Maintenance of Pavement Networks
Carlos M. Chang – University of Texas at El Paso
Edgar Rodriguez – University of Piura
Margot Yapp – NCE
Linda Pierce – NCE

2. Outline Introduction Research Objectives and Approach
Framework to Quantify the Consequences of Delayed Maintenance
Case Study
Conclusions

3. Pavement Management Strategies
Introduction
Transportation Asset Management: Complex decision-making process to operate, maintain, upgrade, and expand physical transportation assets effectively throughout their entire life cycle.
Pavements: Main transportation asset that contribute to a nation’s economic development.
Challenges:
Aging - Deterioration
Increased Demand of Road Users
Limited resources.
Better
Pavement Management Strategies

4. Introduction
“Highway maintenance: “to preserve and repair a system of roadways with its elements to an accepted quality of performance”. (AASHTO, 2007) Preservation “work that is planned and performed to improve or sustain the condition of the transportation facility in a state of good repair”. (FHWA, 2016). Delayed maintenance “work that is needed to preserve the highway system but postponed in the agency-defined maintenance program.” (Chang et al, 2017).

5. NCHRP Research Report 859

6. Research Team The University of Texas at El Paso
Carlos M. Chang, Ph.D., P.E.
Soheil Nazarian, Ph.D., P.E.
Marketa Vavrova, Ph.D., E.I.T.
Research Assistants
Luis Valdez
Erick Munoz
John Padilla
Sandra Gutierrez
Shahrouz J. Ghadimi
Oscar Ortega
Edgar Rodriguez
Nichols Consulting Engineers, Chtd
Margot T. Yapp, P.E.
Linda M. Pierce, Ph.D., P.E.
Timin Punnackal, E.IT.
Jason Puccinelli, P.E.
Mei-Hui Lee, Ph.D.
Spy Pond Partners, LLC
William Robert
Consultant
Roger E. Smith, Ph.D., P.E.

7. Research Objectives
Develop a step-by-step framework to quantify the consequences of delayed maintenance. Show a case study to demonstrate the application of the framework to analyze delayed maintenance scenarios.

8. Research Approach
Task 1: Information review and on-line surveys Task 2: Focused phone interviews with selected DOTs Task 3: Perform delayed maintenance scenarios
The methods and analytical tools described in the procedures can be adapted to the agency preservation policies, maintenance resources, and performance standards.

9. Framework to Quantify the Consequences of Delayed Maintenance
Step 1: Define the asset preservation policy Step 2: Determine maintenance and budget needs for the asset group Step 3: Conduct delayed maintenance scenarios analyses
Pavements, Bridges, Culverts, Guardrails, Lighting, Pavement Markings, and Signs.

10. Case Study Step-by-Step Example Pavements

11. Step 1 Define the Asset Preservation Policy
1.1 Identify the types of maintenance for the asset group
1.2 Establish performance objectives for the asset group
1.3 Formulate decision criteria for maintenance activities

12. 1.1 Identify Maintenance and Rehabilitation Activities
Maintenance treatments: crack seals, slurry seals, and microsurfacing.
Rehabilitation treatments : hot-mix-asphalt overlays with milling or recycling prior to the overlay.

13. 1.2 Establish Performance Objectives for the Pavement Network
Minimum Network Pavement Condition Index (PCI): 80
Minimum Network. Remaining Service Life (RSL): 25 years
Minimum Percent of the Network in Good Condition: 75%
Minimum Percent of the Network in Poor Condition: 10%.
RSL curve. Source: after MTC (1988)
PCI

14. 1.3 Formulate Decision Criteria for M&R Activities

15. Step 2 Determine Maintenance and Budget Needs
2.1 Asses the pavement network condition
2.2 Select performance models to forecast the bridge network condition and/or remaining life
2.3 Perform the needs analysis

16. 2.1 Assess the Pavement Network Condition
Field survey inspections: Distress Identification Manual for Flexible Pavements (MTC, 2016). Distresses: alligator cracking, block cracking, distortion, longitudinal cracking, patching, rutting, weathering, and raveling. PCI is calculated for each pavement section.

17. 2.2 Pavement Performance Models

18. 2.3 Needs Analysis
Based on the decision criteria for M&R and using PCI family performance curves, treatment and funding needs are identified for the individual pavement sections Sufficient funds are available to apply the treatments. Analysis period: 20 years.

19. 2.3 Needs Analysis

20. Step 3 Maintenance Scenarios Analyses
3.1 Formulate delayed asset maintenance scenarios
3.2 Perform the delayed maintenance scenarios analyses
3.3 Determine the impact and report the consequences of delayed maintenance

21. 3.1 Formulate Delayed Maintenance Scenarios
Scenario 1. Maintenance and rehabilitation treatments are performed with sufficient funds to implement the agency’s preservation plan: a. To preserve the pavement network in very good condition b. To preserve the pavement network at the same existing condition. Scenario 2: Do nothing. No maintenance, rehabilitation, or reconstruction treatments are performed.

22. 3.1 Formulate Delayed Maintenance Scenarios
Scenario 3: Maintenance treatments are delayed by 2 years. Scenario 4: Budget-driven with limited funds for maintenance: a. 40% of baseline budget for maintenance b. 0% of baseline budget for maintenance, only major rehabilitation treatments received funds.

23. Budget Needs, Agency and Backlog Costs
3.2 Perform Scenarios Analyses
Note: Maintenance scenarios were run in StreetSaver
Budget Needs, Agency and Backlog Costs

24. How to Report the Consequences of Delayed Maintenance?
3.3 Determine the Impact and Report the Consequences
How to Report the Consequences of Delayed Maintenance?

25. Impact of Pavement Network Condition
Delaying maintenance by 2 years increases the percent of pavements in very poor condition in the long term. The impact is higher for the pavement networks in fair and poor condition. Backlog costs are also higher for the pavement networks in fair and poor condition.

26. Impact on Backlog Costs

27. Remaining lives in delayed and budget-driven scenarios are above 20 years for about half of the network, but there is also about one third with remaining lives less than 2 years.

28. Conclusions and Recommendations
1. Pavement network condition, agency costs, backlog costs, and remaining life are performance measures recommended to show the consequences of delayed maintenance and communicate the impact to funding authorities.
2. Total agency costs and backlog costs increase in all the scenarios as the pavement network condition moves from good to poor. The impacts were more significant for a pavement network in poor condition.
3. In a broader perspective delayed maintenance also affects mobility, safety, and transportation agency and user costs. Future research on these impacts is recommended.

29. Acknowledgments
The framework was developed under the research project NCHRP 14-20A “Consequences of Delayed Maintenance of Highway Assets” sponsored by the National Cooperative Research Program (NCHRP) and completed in April 2017.
The authors also like to acknowledge the support of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) in California for providing access to StreetSaver to run the scenarios analyses.

30. Carlos M. Chang, Ph.D., P.E.