1. It’s Green, But What Does it Mean ?
Professor Michael Ryan, Architect, NCARB, CCS, CCCA, CSI
Chair of Architecture and Interior Design
Professor Robert Lowe, III
Professor of Architecture, Computer Aided Drafting Specialist

2. Greenwashing…
What does it mean to be “Green”
“Green” buildings?

3. Greenwashing…
Just because it’s “Green”…

4. Environmental Roulette

5. AND, 39% of the total energy
Place your bet
What is the percentage of electricity consumed by buildings in the US?
(within 5%)
Buildings consume 72% of the electricity
AND, 39% of the total energy

6. Buildings consume 40% of the raw materials
Place your bet
What is the percentage of raw materials used by buildings in the US?
(within 5%)
Buildings consume 40% of the raw materials

7. Buildings create 30% of the total waste
Place your bet
What is the percentage of waste is generated by buildings in the US?
(within 5%)
Buildings create 30% of the total waste

8. Buildings generate 136 million tons of waste each year
Place your bet
How many tons of waste in the US is generated by buildings?
(within 5 million tons)
Buildings generate 136 million tons of waste each year

9. (within 1 trillion gallons)
Place your bet
How much more water is taken from the ground than is replenished each year in the US?
(within 1 trillion gallons)
Americans take 3.7 trillion gallons more out of the ground than is replenished

10. FALSE. The area is Two Times the size of Texas
Place your bet
There is an area in the Pacific Ocean the size of Texas that has collected floating litter from plastic bottles, lids, bags, etc.
(True or False?)
FALSE. The area is Two Times the size of Texas

11. Fun Fact: Place your bet The water in water bottles is regulated
by the FDA
The water out of your tap is regulated
by the EPA
….which has higher standards
than the FDA
Place your bet
What is the percent of water bottles recycled in the US each day?
(within 5%)
Americans recycle only 10% of the 40 million water bottles purchased each day

12. Americans now spend about 90% of their life inside buildings
Place your bet
Approximately how much time (percentage) do Americans spend indoors?
(within 10%)
Americans now spend about 90% of their life inside buildings

13. Other Statistics… Globally buildings are responsible for:
17% Fresh water withdrawals
25% of the wood harvest
33% of the CO2 emissions
40% of the material and energy use

14. History… Impact of 1973 Oil Embargo “Passive Solar” Thermal Envelope
Sick Buildings
Going “Green”
High Performance Buildings

15. LEED
Developed by United States Green Building Council – consensus based
Leadership in
Energy and
Environmental
Design
Nationally accepted benchmark for high performance green buildings
LEED, not “LEEDS”

16. LEED Rating Systems
LEED for New Commercial Construction and Major Renovations
Guidelines for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Building Projects
LEED for Existing Buildings Operations and Maintenance
LEED for Commercial Interiors
LEED for Core and Shell Development
LEED for Schools
LEED for Homes
LEED for Neighborhood Development (Pilot)

17. Leed Categories Sustainable Sites (14 Possible Points)
Water Efficiency (5 Possible Points)
Energy & Atmosphere (17 Possible Points)
Materials & Resources (13 Possible Points)
Indoor Environmental Quality (15 Possible Points)
Plus Bonus Points:
Innovation & Design Process (5 Possible Points)

18. LEED Rating Levels LEED Platinum (52-69 Points)
LEED Gold (39-51 Points)
LEED Silver (33-38 Points)
LEED Certified (26-32 Points)

19. First Platinum Award Building
Chesapeake Bay Foundation
Phillip Merrill Center

20. LEED Category 1 SUSTAINABLE SITES

21. Sustainable Sites Credits
Prerequisite: Const. Activity Pollution Prevention
Credit 1: Site Selection
Credit 2: Development Density & Community Connectivity
Credit 3: Brownfield Redevelopment
Credit 4.1: Alt. Transportation: Public Transportation Access
Credit 4.2: Alt. Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms
Credit 4.3: Alt. Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles 1

22. Sustainable Sites Credits
Credit 4.4: Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity
Credit 5.1: Site Development, Protect or Restore Habitat
Credit 5.2: Site Development, Maximize Open Space
Credit 6.1: Stormwater Design, Quantity Control
Credit 6.2: Stormwater Design, Quality Control
Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof
Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect, Roof
Credit 8: Light Pollution Reduction

23. Sustainable Sites Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms – Credit 4.2
Provide secured bicycle storage with changing/shower facilities for 5% or more of the occupants (15% for residential projects)

24. Sustainable Sites Alternative Transportation: Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles – Credit 4.3
Provide low emitting/fuel efficient vehicles for 3% of the occupants -OR-
Provide preferred parking for these vehicles -OR-
Install alternative-fuel refueling station for 3% of the total parking capacity of the site

25. Vegetated Drainage: Bioretention
Let plants suck it up!

26. Sustainable Sites Heat Island Effect
Credit 7.1: Non-Roof
Temperature difference between developed and non-developed land
Provide shade and use light colored or open grid paving, or
Provide 50% of the parking covered
Credit 7.2: Roof
Provide 75% reflective roof material, or
Provide 50% vegetated (green) roofs, or
Combination of both

27. Vegetated roofs are for everyone

28. LEED Category 2 WATER EFFICIENCY

29. Water Efficiency Strategies
Strategy - Automatic Controls
Strategy - Waterless Urinals
Strategy - Biological Wastewater Treatment
Systems
Strategy - Graywater Plumbing Systems

30. Water Efficiency Credits
Credit 1: Water Efficient Landscaping
Eliminate or reduce (by 50%) the use of potable water for irrigation
Credit 2: Innovative Wastewater Technologies
Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand
Credit 3: Water Use Reduction
Maximize water efficiency and reduce use by 20%
Maximize water efficiency and reduce use by 30%

31. Capture rainwater and USE it!

32. Alternatives Composting Toilets Waterless Urinals
Turns human waste into compost
Uses natural processes
Waterless Urinals
No water use
Reduces sewer output
Odor and touch free
Can be used in existing systems

33. LEED Category 3 ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
Reduces carbon dioxide released by burning fossil fuels
Factor in global warming
Reduces release of nitrogen oxide
Major contributor to smog
Reduces sulfur dioxide
Key element in acid rain

34. Energy and Atmosphere Electricity Use
Electricity End-Use Consumption in Office Buildings by Activity
Based on data from the Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration

35. Energy and Atmosphere Credits
Prerequisite 1: Fundamental building commissioning
Prerequisite 2: Minimum energy performance
Prerequisite 3: Fundamental refrigerant management
Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance
Credit 2: On-Site Renewable Energy
Credit 3: Enhanced Commissioning
Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management
Credit 5: Measurement & Verification
Credit 6: Green Power

36. Energy and Atmosphere On-Site Renewable Energy - Credit 2
Intent:
Encourage increased levels of self supply through renewable technologies
Reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use
Supply net fraction (2.5%-12.5%) of building total energy use thru use of on-site renewable energy systems

37. Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems
Solar
Converts sunlight into energy
Methods:
Direct
Indirect
Isolated
Photovoltaics

38. Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems
Wind Energy
Converts moving air to electricity
Need 12 to 14 mph wind speeds
Turbines produce between 10 and 1,650kw

39. Energy and Atmosphere Renewable Energy Systems
Geothermal
Uses heat from the earth
Biomass
Plant material converted into energy
Alternative Fuels
Methane
Biodiesel
Ethanol

40. LEED Category 4 MATERIALS AND RESOURCES

41. Materials & Resources Strategies
Re-use Existing Buildings
Use Salvaged Materials
Use Recycled Content Materials
Use Locally Manufactured Materials
Use Rapidly Renewable Materials
Use Certified Wood
Incorporate recovery and recycling

42. Materials & Resources Credits
Prerequisite 1: Storage & Collection of Recyclables
Credits : Maintain 75-95% of Existing Walls, Floors & Roof
Credit 1.3: Maintain 50% of Interior Non-Structural Elements
Credits : Divert 50-75% of Construction Waste
Credits : 5-10% Materials Reuse
Credits : 10-20% Recycled Content
Credits : 10-20% Materials, Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally
Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials
Credit 7: Certified Wood

43. Materials & Resources Materials Reuse - Credit 3
Intent:
Extend the life cycle of targeted building materials by reducing environmental impacts related to materials manufacturing and transport

44. Materials & Resources Recycled Content - Credit 4
Intent:
Increase demand for building products that have incorporated recycled content materials
Toilet partitions made from milk jugs & detergent bottles
Glass tiles made from recycled glass

45. Typical Products With Recycled Content
Steel
Ceramic Tile
Gypsum Board
Ceiling grid and tiles
Toilet partitions
Concrete/Paving

46. Materials & Resources Rapidly Renewable Materials - Credit 6
Intent
Reduce the use and deletion of finite raw and long cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials
Cork
Bamboo

47. Materials & Resources Certified Wood - Credit 7
Intent:
Encourage environmentally responsible forest management

48. LEED Category 5 INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

49. Background Americans spend about 90 percent of their time indoors
Major Health Issues –
Legionnaire's disease
Sick building syndrome
ETS
Radon
Carbon Monoxide
Indoor Pollutants

50. Common Sources of Indoor Pollutants

51. General IEQ Issues Illumination Acoustics
Occupant control of building systems
Daylighting
Views
All enhance the indoor environment and optimize interior spaces for occupants

52. Indoor Environmental Quality Credits
Prereq 1: Minimum IAQ Performance Required
Prereq 2: Control Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
Credit 1: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
Credit 2: Increased Ventilation
Credits : Construction IAQ Management Plans
Credits : Low-Emitting Materials
Credit 5: Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
Credits : Controllability of Systems
Credits : Thermal Comfort, Design and Verification
Credits : 75-90% of Spaces with Daylight and Views

53. Indoor Environmental Quality Increase Ventilation - Credit 2
Intent:
Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity

54. Natural Ventilation

55. Indoor Environmental Quality Low Emitting Materials - Credit 4
Intent:
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants
Adhesives sealants, paints and coatings
Meet or exceed Green Seal Standard VOC limits
Carpet Systems
Meet requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label program
Composite Wood and Agrifiber Products
Contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins

56. Indoor Environmental Quality Daylight and Views - Credit 8
Intent:
Provide a connection between indoor spaces and outdoor environments
Introduce sunlight and views into the occupied areas of the building
For 75% and 90% of the building occupants

57. Considerations
A well designed daylit building is estimated to reduce lighting energy use by 50% to 80%
Daylighting design is a careful balance of heat gain and loss, glare control, and variation in daylight availability
Includes:
Window glazing
Shading devices
Light shelves
Courtyards
Atriums

58. Sustainable Design Nothing New, Just Good Design
Limited Site Disturbance
Southern Exposure
Oriented on East-West Axis
Local Materials
Recyclable Materials
No CFC’s
Natural Ventilation
Daylighting
Views
Fluorescent Lighting
Near Public Transportation
Fallingwater1936