3. Africa map
Label all countries indicated by the boundaries on your map. (use pg. R20 in the purple book or the map in your agenda)

4. Also Label the following from the maps on R20, 385, 445, AND 380
Arabian Peninsula
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers -blue
Mediterranean Sea
Strait of Gibraltar
Red Sea
Sahara Desert – yellow
Persian Gulf
Kalahari Desert – yellow
Black Sea
Equator
Caspian Sea
Greece
Nile River - blue
Spain
Niger River - blue
Cyprus
Jerusalem
Crete
Damascus
Sicily
Constantinople
Asia Minor
Madinah (Medina)
Makkah (Mecca)
Rome

5. Also Label the following from the maps on R20, 385, 445, AND 380

6. Africa Geography Only Asia is > than Africa
1. over 3x larger than U.S.
B. 10% rain forest (around equator)
C. Savannahs – dry grasslands
1. Good for raising animals (herders & hunters)
D. Deserts
1. Sahara – world’s largest, N of savannahs
2. Kalahari – SW
E. N Africa along Med. = mild climate, good for crops

8. Rainforest

9. Savannah

10. Sahara Desert

11. West African Empires Berbers are 1st people to inhabit N. Africa
Used horses and donkeys to transport goods but not efficient
Later used Camels introduced by the Romans
Trade: salt/cloth from northeast  ivory/gold in west

12. West African Empires Ghana – 1st empire Crossroads of trade
Traders paid tax to pass through Ghana
Iron weapons made them powerful
Muslim
Gold discovered in mines outside Ghana’s control – leads to fall

13. African Empires Contd.
III. Mali Empire A. Sundiata Keita “lion prince” conquered Ghana capital 1. Controlled Timbuktu 2. Controlled gold mines

15. African Empires Contd.
B. Last strong king was Mansa Musa 1. allowed other religions, but made Islam stronger 2. built mosques with trade $ & Muslim library in Timbuktu – makes pilgrimage to Mecca where word of his wealth makes him famous.

16. African Empires Contd.
IV. Songhai Empire A. Leader Sunni Ali – after taking Timbuktu, used canoes to control Niger River trade B. Gained control of Berber salt mines

18. African Culture
Swahili: Eastern African language Sultan: Arab East African leader Dhow: Arabic sailing ship used for trade along Africa’s east coast Griot: African storytellers who passed on history from generation to generation Matrilineal: tracing family roots through mothers instead of fathers, many African cultures were matrilineal

19. Illustrated Timeline – African Empires

20. Illustrated Timeline
Using pgs & create an illustrated timeline of African empires.
Start with the Berbers on pg. 425 at 400 B.C. and end with the death of Sunni Ali in 1492.
Be sure to include the following events/ideas on your timeline:
Berbers
gold/salt/cloth trade
rise of the Ghana
Sundiata Keita conquering Ghana
Mali winning Timbuktu
Mansa Musa (Mali) and his pilgrimage to Mecca (spread of Islam)
Sunni Ali (Songhai empire)
Drives out Berbers
Controls Niger River
Conquered by Arabs
Timelines should have AT LEAST 7 entries – each with an illustration and brief explanation