1. Bell Ringer
Date: 02/10/2016
Objective: Identify and explain examples of symbiosis including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Question: What is the difference between an innate and learned behavior?

2. Four Square Ecology

3. Using your Biology textbook define each of the terms
Using your Biology textbook define each of the terms. (organism, population, community, ecosystem)
In box 1 draw ONE organisms (living thing) & NOTHING ELSE.
In box 2 draw two or three of your organisms from square 1.
In box 3 draw your population from square two PLUS an additional population of another living thing.
In box 4 draw your community from square 3 PLUS any abiotic factors that contribute to your picture.

4. Ecology

5. WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
Ecology- the study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer
Ecology is a science of relationships
What do you think about when I say ecology? Recycling? Acid rain?

6. Can YOU fill in the blanks?

7. Questions to consider…
How do leaf-eating insects affect the growth of a tree?
How does spraying pesticides affect the water?
What do weather patterns affect bird migration?

8. Levels of Organization
Ecologists study several different levels of organization:
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

9. Species
Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
The smallest level of organization.
Organism

10. Habitat vs. Niche Niche – an organism’s job or way of life.
Habitat- the place in which an organism lives out its life.
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

11. Population
Group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area.
A population of bullfrogs in a pond
Population

12. Community group of different populations that live in the same area

13. Ecosystem
Community of organisms that live together and interact with the abiotic environment
Ecosystem

14. Biosphere
Group of ecosystems with similar climate and dominant communities.
The largest level of organization.
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical savanna
Temperate woodland
and shrubland
Desert
Temperate grassland
Boreal forest
(Taiga)
Northwestern
coniferous forest
Temperate forest
Mountains and
ice caps
Tundra
Ecosystem

15. Describe what you would find in each level of organization listed below
Biosphere: Ecosystem: Community: Population: Habitat: Niche:

16. Symbiotic Relationships
Symbiosis- two species living together
3 Types of symbiosis:
1. Commensalism
2. Parasitism
3. Mutualism
Cleaning shrimp

17. Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. orchids on a tree
Epiphytes: A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a bromeliad, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients. Also called xerophyte, air plant.

18. Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism-
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Ex. polar bears and cyanobacteria
You can see here that this polar bear is no longer white.

19. Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism-
one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
Parasite-Host relationship

20. Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism- parasite-host
Ex. lampreys,
leeches, fleas,
ticks, tapeworm

21. Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism-
beneficial to both species
Ex. cleaning birds and cleaner shrimp
The Egyptian plover takes insects from the backs of buffaloes, giraffes and rhinos. The plover has also been observed taking leeches from the open mouths of crocodiles! In this association the plover receives a supply of food and the other animal rids itself of unwelcome pests

22. = 1 species Type of relationship Species harmed Species benefits
Species neutral
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
= 1 species

23. Trial of Life Video

33. Draw an image of each type of symbiosis

34. Personal Ad

35. Identify the relationship
Next to the description identify if the relationship is mutualism, parasitism, or commensalism.

36. Closure: What’s it mean?
Autotroph
Consumer
Producer
Heterotroph
Carnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore

38. Transfer of Energy Organisms are either…
1. Producers  make their own food
2. Consumers  cannot make their own food so they must eat food.
How do they trap the sun’s energy? Through what process? What is that process similar to in animal cells?

39. Consumers can be… Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores, Decomposers
Energy moves up the food chain through the producer/consumer relationship.

40. Trophic Levels: feeding levels in an ecosystem
Producer: makes their own food using energy from the sun
Occurs in a process called photosynthesis
Also called autotrophs

41. Primary consumers  eat the producers.
Herbivore – eats only plants
Secondary Consumers  eats primary consumers
Tertiary Consumer  eats secondary consumers
Secondary & Tertiary Consumers may be…
Omnivores or Carnivores
Scavengers  eat dead organisms.
Ex = buzzard, hyenas, & crayfish

43. What happens when the top organisms dies??

44. Decomposers
Bacteria & fungi that break down the dead plant & animal tissue and return nutrients to the soil.

45. Make your own food chain! Show what happens when the top consumer dies.

46. Rule of 10 Algae  Minnow  Bream  Bass  Bacteria
25,000kC 2,500kC kC kC kC
Rule of 10: Only 10% of energy passes to the next feeding/trophic level. Where does the other 90% go?

47. Show the rule of 10 on your food chain
Show the rule of 10 on your food chain. Start with your producer having 1,000,000 J of Sunlight!

49. Food Web: Interconnected food chains; more complex

50. Food chain Food web
(just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)

51. Energy Pyramid: Represents the amount of energy in a food chain

52. Food Chains, Webs, & Pyramids
If not finished in class must be done as homework!

53. Bell Ringer What is the squirrel considered?
What happens if I remove the grasshopper from the food web?
How are an ecosystem & a community related?
What is the rule of 10?

54. Bell Ringer
What is the relationship between a community & a population?
What happens if I remove the grasshopper from the food web?
Can matter/energy be created or destroyed?
What is the rule of 10?
Calculate the energy %
lost from the grass ->
grasshopper -> wolf.

55. Trophic Levels
Biomass- the amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat.
As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass decrease.
Energy is transferred upwards but is diminished with each transfer.

57. Bell Ringer Turn in your Human Impacts Web Quest
State the difference between an ecosystem and a community.
Identify the levels of organization from most broad to most specific.
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?

58. Bell Ringer State the difference between an ecosystem and a community.
Identify the levels of organization from most broad to most specific.
What is the difference between a habitat and a niche?
Draw and label the water cycle.

59. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism
Just like with classification, ecology is hierarchal. Each level builds on itself and they fit together like nesting boxes.
Population
Organism

60. Identify main idea, North Carolina Example, and draw a picture
Gallery Walk
Identify main idea, North Carolina Example, and draw a picture

61. Feeding Relationships
There are 3 main types of feeding relationships
1. Producer - Consumer
2. Predator - Prey
3. Parasite - Host
How do they trap the sun’s energy? Through what process? What is that process similar to in animal cells?

63. Closure: Which is Which?
Lion kills a zebra & eats until full. Once lion leaves a vulture comes & eats the remains.
Shark swims & pilot fish swims underneath for protection.
A leech on your skin.
Plover bird cleans alligators teeth.

64. Habitat vs. Niche Examples of limiting factors - Amount of water
Amount of food
Temperature
Amount of space
Availability of mates
Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.