1. Brain Notes

2. BRAIN Four main parts: Cerebrum – largest portion
Diencephalon –superior to brain stem
Thalamus
Hypothalmus

3. Brain stem
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Cerebellum – “little brain”

5. CEREBRUM
Cortex – dark outer area consists of gray matter; contains cell bodies of 75% of all neurons in the nervous system
Gyri (gyrus)– convolutions (bumps)
Sulci (sulcus)– grooves
Fissures – deeper grooves

6. Longitudinal fissure – separates brain into Right and left cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosum – connects both hemispheres

8. Cerebrum is divided into lobes:
Frontal - forehead
Temporal – above ears
Parietal – top sides
Occipital – back
Lateral fissure divides temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes

9. Central sulcus divides frontal & parietal lobes
No distinct boundary between parietal & occipital lobes
Transverse fissure – separates cerebrum & cerebellum

11. White matter of brain lies under cortex and makes up bulk of cerebrum
Contain tracts (nerve fibers within the CNS) inside gray matter

12. Functional Areas of Frontal Lobe
Primary motor cortex
In front of central sulcus in precentral gyrus
Controls voluntary actions of specific muscles or groups of muscles on the opposite side of body

14. Broca’s area – coordinates muscle movements for speech
Association areas – concerned with more complex integrative functions, such as memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgment and intelligence

15. Language comprehension

16. Functional Areas of Parietal Lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex
Behind central sulcus in postcentral gyrus
Receives impulses for touch, proprioception, pain, & temperature

18. Functional Areas of Occipital Lobe
Visual area - vision
Visual recognition

19. Functional Areas of Temporal Lobe
Olfactory area – smell
Auditory area - hearing