1. Biological Bases of Behavior
Unit 3
Biological Bases of Behavior

2. Module 12: The New Brain Do First Be Aware Of:
No Do First! Take seats quickly!
Unit 3 Test – Friday, 9/22
Unit 3 Vocab Quizzes THIS THURSDAY
Rough Draft of Research Proposal Due 9/22
Module 13 for HW

3. NEW! Homework Planner!

4. Module 12 Objective
SWBAT indicate the purpose of the cerebrum and the divisions of the “higher” brain SWBAT explain how the brain can effectively fix itself, and the impact of brain damage on the frontal lobe

5. Module 12 – It You! Cerebrum:
The higher level of the brain – sits atop all the Module 11 structures like a snug hat
Cerebral cortex:
Fabric of highly dense neural material and interconnective tissue that lays “on top” of the cerebrum
Very thin but very complex
Ultimately conscious control center for the brain

6. Module 12 – It You!
Four Dense Lobes make up the brain, each with different responsibilities
Frontal Lobe:
Located just behind the forehead, responsible for speaking, muscle movements, plans, and judgements
Parietal Lobe:
Top of the head and toward the rear; responsible for sensory input for touch and body position
Temporal Lobe:
Roughly on top of the ears; receives primarily auditory information
Occipital Lobe:
Back of the head – primarily receives visual information and processing

7. Module 12 – Sensation and Movement
Sensory cortex:
Takes in sensations, processes the physical touch
REMEMBER – each half takes in information from the OPPOSITE side of the body (left = right, right = left)
Motor cortex:
Located in the frontal cortex
Responsible for movement
Mapped by tapping electrodes to see what motions are triggered

8. Module 12 – Brain-Computer Interfaces

9. Association Areas
Association areas: parts of the cortex not involved in processing or movement
Involved in higher mental functions
Speaking
Thinking
Creativity
Remembering
Learning

10. Association Areas – Phineas Gage
Phineas Gage was a railway worker who had a huge iron pole dynamite-d through his cheek, frontal lobe, and eye socket in the s
Miraculously he survived – but was a changed man
Prefrontal lobe damage completely changed his personality from a kind, God-fearing, well-liked man to a bitter, angry, and violent one
From this, we can deduce that all you are – all your memories, thoughts, feelings, and the entire scope of YOUR conscious self – is contained in that thin slice of brain the iron pole damaged in Phineas Gage

11. Neuroplasticity But why did he live?
In some cases of extreme brain damage, the brain exhibits what’s known as neuroplasticity
The brain is able to “bounce back” by regrowing new connections between the nerves
Glial cells are non-neurons and “glue” cells – they help regrow the connections
Neurogenesis
The growth of new nerve cells