1. Aim What does the phrase “Human impact on Ecosystems” mean?

2. Explain what has happened to the polar bear in the picture below.

3. Ecosystem- all the living and non-living things that interact in a certain area of the environment

4. Environmental Impact
All living things, including humans, affect the environment around them

5. Beaver Example
Beavers build dams and affect the flow of water in the river

6. Termite Example
Termite affect the environment by eating wood on trees

7. Human Impact
As a result of technology we are making more significant changes to the environment.
Give an example of how technology changes the environment? Where are i-phones made?

8. Stress on the Environment
Human growth consumption depletes resources that the earth contains
Industrialization

9. Pollutions affect on an Ecosystem
Pollution decreases
the stability of an ecosystem
biodiversity by harming species habitat

10. Depletion
Depletion means a serious reduction in a short period of time

11. Finite Supply They cannot be replaced naturally
We will eventually run out of supplies

12. What are some human activities that negatively affect the environment?

13. Deforestation Cutting trees down Destroys Habitats Causes Erosion
Decreases Biodiversity

14. Why do we cut trees?
For Industry (Jobs)
Paper
Housing
Furniture

15. Fossil fuels Fuels that come from the ground
Burning them produces energy to heat our homes, run our cars, and produce energy to run factories
Examples- Oil, Gas and Coal

16. Burn Fossil Fuels Produces Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (Greenhouse gas)
Causes Global Warming
Melts the Ice Caps

17. Natural Resources Renewable – Resources can be replaced quickly
(Solar and wind power)
Non-Renewable- Resources cannot be replaced quickly
(Fossil Fuels-Oil, Coal, Gas)

18. Ozone Depletion
Caused by Freon gas in refrigerators and air conditioners
More UV (ultra-violet)
rays reach the earths surface
Causes mutations and skin cancer

19. Strip Mining
Depletes Resources
Causes
Erosion

20. Overfishing
Kills fish
Depletes supply of fish for future generations

21. How does the government prevent pollution?
Pass Laws to prevent it
Impose a fine or penalty

22. Aim How and why do we need to preserve our natural resources?

23. How do we preserve resources?
Reduce consumption
Reuse resources
Recycle

24. Reduce
Carpooling
Mass transit
Conserve (walk or ride your bike)

25. Reuse
Grocery Bags
Water bottles
Plastic plates

26. Recycle
Plastic
Paper
Scrap metal
Glass

27. Why do we need to conserve resources?
Resources are finite (limited), so we will run out
Prevents pollution

28. Define Pollution
Pollution is the harmful change in the environment that will affect an organisms habitat (where it lives)

29. Types of Pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution
Land pollution

30. Natural Recycling
Water Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Nutrients

31. Water Cycle
Ecosystems maintain a supply of water to survive

32. Carbon Cycle Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
(Cellular Respiration)
Plants take in carbon dioxide an release oxygen
(Photosynthesis)

33. Nutrients Recycle Plants use nutrients in the soil to grow
Nutrients are transferred through food chain
Dead and waste of organisms are recycled and put back into the soil by decomposers
(Bacteria and Fungi)

34. Aim How do people affect the way ecosystems function?

35. The Flow of Energy
Energy is passed through the environment but NOT recycled
Energy pyramid loses large amount of energy to heat
Sun is constant source of energy

36. Population Growth
The population levels off as it reaches an ecosystems carrying capacity

37. Direct Harvesting
Destruction or removal of a species from a habitat which can lead to extinction
An example is when an exotic animal is removed for a pet
( Cute monkey or parrot)

38. Invasive Species
When people remove a species from one environment to another
They become pest because they usually have no natural enemy and multiply quickly

39. Land Use
As human populations grow we need more resources to make things we need
(clothes, MP3 players and cars)
Need more space for factories and homes

40. Deforestation Need to clear land to make homes and factories
This leads to habitat destruction

41. Leads to Loss of Biodiversity
Direct Harvesting
Imported Species
Deforestation

42. Aim What is the impact of technology and industrialization on the environment?

43. Industrialization
The development of an economy in which machines produce our products

44. We Need Power
Burn fossil fuels
Nuclear fuels (splits atoms)

45. Power Plants Cause:
Water pollution
Air pollution

46. Water Pollution Sewage from a power plants can act as a fertilizer
Plants bloom using up oxygen resulting in fish suffocating

47. Toxic Waste Poisonous waste dumped in rivers end up in the food chain
Many organisms are killed as a result of these toxins

48. Air Pollution Burning fossil fuels leads to
Increase in CO2 levels (Global Warming)
Acid rain
Smog

49. Aim How will the choices we make today affect our environment tomorrow?

50. Advances in Technology
New factories
Increase crop yield
Efficient cars
New Computers and iPods

51. Technology Creates Problems
Mainly environmental
There is a cost to everything
For each new technology we must assess the risk

52. A trade-off We have to analyze the cost verse the benefit
Is it worth it?
(Pros and Cons)

53. Today's decisions affect our future
The decisions we make today will affect our future environment

54. Decisions have Consequences
The trade off was power produced verses a possible nuclear accident
Was it worth it?

55. Aim Ecology Review

56. Ecology
The study of how organisms interact with living and nonliving things that surround them

57. Terms to Know Biotic factors- Living things
Abiotic factors- Nonliving things

58. Biotic vs Abiotic Biotic Abiotic Animals Plants Bacteria
Dead organisms
The Sun
Water (Lake)
Oxygen
Temperature
Nutrients

59. Ecosystem
All living things and nonliving things interacting together

60. Habitat
The specific environment an organisms lives in is called a habitat
Examples-
Frogs- Pond
Birds- Trees
Whales- Oceans

61. Niche The specific role an organism plays in an ecosystem
(Sea Otter- What it eats and who eats it)

62. Population
Members of a single species in a given area

63. Community
All the different populations combined

64. Biosphere
Atmosphere (Air)
Hydrosphere (Water)
Lithosphere (Land)

65. Concepts of Ecology Energy is transferred from one organism to another
Materials (chemicals) are recycled

66. Aim Ecology Review 2

67. Competition
Recourses are finite(limited) so organisms must compete for them to survive

68. Limiting Factors
Factors in the environment that limit the size of the population

69. Carrying Capacity
The number of organisms of any single species that an ecosystem can support

70. Predator
An organism that kills and eats another organism

71. Prey
Organisms that are killed for food

72. Food Chains Food chains show what eats what
Shows the flow or transfer of energy

73. Food Web Food Wed is many interconnected food chains
Organisms can eat more than one kind of organism
More complex and accurate than a food chain

74. Aim What are the important components of a food chain?

75. Constant Source of Energy
The important ABIOTIC factor that provides energy to the food chain is the SUN
Energy is NOT recycled its transferred

76. Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food Also called Producers
First in chain

77. Heterotrophs
Organisms that have to eat to obtain energy
Consumers

78. Consumers
Carnivores (Meat)
Herbivores
(Plants)
Omnivores (Both)

79. Decomposers They consume the waste of dead organisms
Decomposers recycle nutrients back to soil for plants to use
Bacteria and Fungi

80. Stability of Food Chain
Must have more producers than consumers
Must have decomposers to recycle nutrients

81. Aim What is an Energy Pyramid?

82. Energy Pyramid
A Diagram that shows the transfer of energy through a food chain or web

83. Energy lost to heat
Energy is lost to the environment as heat at each level
Also lost as metabolism

84. Producer to Consumers Producers are always at the bottom level
All subsequent levels are consumers

85. Important Levels Levels A- Tertiary consumers B- Secondary consumers
C- Primary consumers
D- Producers (plants)

86. Energy Energy from sun starts the pyramid and keeps it going
Energy is transferred not recycled.

87. Chemicals(Materials) are Recycled
Decomposers extract energy in dead organisms and return it to soil as Nutrients
Bacteria and Fungi

88. Aim What are the advantages of Biodiversity?

89. Biodiversity
The amount of different species in an ecosystem

90. Ecosystem Stability Biodiversity leads to ecosystem stability
The more species the better it is for all

91. Loss of Biodiversity Natural disasters (Tsunami) Deforestation
(Cutting down trees)
Removal of a species

92. Biodiversity Benefits Humans
Organisms provides humans with:
Medicines(aspirin)
Foods
Industrial products

93. Value of Biodiversity Ecosystem (Habitats) Species (All Kinds)
Genetics
(Evolution)

94. Aim What is Ecological Succession?

95. Ecological Succession
Series of changes where one habitat is change to another

96. Modifications
Each step of the way the environment is modified for the next stage to emerge(more stable)

97. First Example of Succession
Occurs after a natural disaster
Examples:
- Tsunami
- Volcanic Eruption

98. Second Example of Succession
Change from a lake community to a forest

99. Facts on Succession Each step is modified for the next
Each next step is more stable
Most ecosystems will return to their natural state after a disaster