1. Chapter 15: The West Between the Wars
Pgs in Text

2. Lesson 1:
Instability After WWI

3. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security
Problems from the Treaty of _________________
U.S. did not join _________________________
Why? No European entanglements
Without U.S. the L of N was weak
When Germany could not pay _______________ France sent troops into the ____________________ (Germany’s main industrial center) in 1923

4. Inflation in Germany
Germany paid for salaries by printing ______________ – led to inflation
Ex: In 1914 – 4.2 marks = 1 U.S. Dollar
In – ____________________ marks = 1 U.S. Dollar
_______________ Plan – Named after American Banker
Reduced ______________________
Granted $_______________ million loan to Germany
Led to heavy U.S. investment in Europe

5. Treaty of Locarno New European Diplomacy
Gustav Streseman (German Foreign minister) and Aristide Briand (French Foreign minister) sign Treaty of Locarno in1925
Guarantee Germany’s borders with _____________ and ________________________
___________________________ Pact
____________ nations pledge to “renounce war as an instrument of national policy”

6. The Great Depression 2 Factors led to the Great Depression…
Series of economic downturns in the economies of individual _______________ in _______________
U.S. ______________________Crash October 1929
U.S. businesses expanded too fast
People bought stocks on credit = inflated prices of stocks
Banks were not guaranteed = no __________in place yet
______________________ prices fell
Europe in depression due to ________________

7. Response to Depression
1932 – ______________ year of the depression
High ________________________
Gov’ts raised _____________ to exclude foreign goods from home markets. (Made things worse)
Effects of GD…
Increased _______________ influence in economy
Masses followed political leaders who offered a way out of the Great Depression in return for ________________________ power

8. Germany _____________________ Germany ends in 1918 with defeat in WWI
Created the _______________ Republic – a democratic gov’t
Economic problems led to extreme _______________ problems
Unemployment 4.38 million by Dec. 1930
Led to increase of “_________________” parties

9. France Also financially unstable
Jun 1936 ______________________ formed
A coalition of ______________ parties
Communists
________________________
Radicals
Called for French ______________________
Gave workers right to collectively bargain
____________ hour work week in industrial jobs
______________________________________

10. Great Britain
British _______________ Party could not solve economic problems and fell from power
______________________ gov’t takes over
Used traditional policies like balanced budget and protective ______________ to help economy
Did NOT implement __________________ economics which encouraged ________________ spending (going into debt if necessary)

11. The United States Hard hit by Great Depression
___________________________ won 1932 Presidential Election
Establishes ___________________
______________ – Works Progress Administration (1935) – workers built bridges, roads, post offices
Instituted new legislation that began the U.S. ____________________ system
1935 – _______________________________ Act – old age pensions and unemployment insurance

12. Arts Political, ______________, and Social Uncertainty
Responses to horrors of _________________
“The World does not make sense, so why should art”
__________________ – artists obsessed with idea that life has no purpose
Dada – Dadaism
___________________ – artistic movement portraying the unconscious to show the greater reality that exists beyond the world of physical appearances.

13. Science
1927- German physicist Werner Heisenberg’s _________________________ principle
Suggested that all ____________________ laws are based on uncertainty
Opposed to _____________________ physics which said all phenomena could be completely defined and predicted

14. Lesson 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes

15. The Rise of Dictators By 1939 France & GB were _________________
Spain, Italy, Soviet Union, and Germany – _____________________________________
___________________ State – gov’t controls political, social, economic, intellectual & cultural lives of citizens
Encourage centralized state power
Conquer __________ & ________________ of citizens
Single leader
Single _______________________
Individual freedoms _____________ important that collective good

16. Fascism in Italy
__________________________ – 1920s, set up fascist movement in Italy
Crated League of Combat or Fascio di Combattimento ; “________________________”
Fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central gov’t led by a _______________________
Mussolini becomes __________________in 1922
“___________________” = the leader
1926- all other ________________________outlawed
OVRA – Italian secret police formed= “The _________ Shirts”

17. How Fascist State gains/keeps control
Media – ________________________
Youth – Fascist __________________ groups
Attitudes – nationalistic, __________________, ______________________ citizens
Family – traditional roles to ______________ fascist ideals

18. Lateran Accords
February recognize sovereign independence of ___________________ in Italy
Catholic Church urged Italians to support the Italian ___________________________

19. Russia becomes USSR
_____________ (Lenin’s Bolsheviks) win Russian ______________ War
Russia experiences ______________ & industrial collapse at the end of WWI
Lenin’s New Economic Policy: ______________
NEP = New Economic Policy (similar to old capitalistic system)
Small business/farmers could be _____________ owned
Heavy industry, banking, mines controlled by the __________________________ gov’t

20. The Soviet Union
1922 – Formally created Union of Soviet __________________ Republics – USSR – Soviet Union
NEP helped soviet economy
Lenin only wanted the NEP to be a temporary change from regular ________________________ economic policies

21. By 1926 Stalin establishes a ___________________
1924 – Lenin dies
Struggle for power b/w members of the ________________ (soviet policy-making body)
Rivalry b/w ______________________ and Joseph Stalin
Trotsky – Commissar of _____________
Stalin – Party General ________________________
By 1926 Stalin establishes a ___________________
COMMUNISIM STARTS!
Trotsky pushed out of the communist party & flees to ______________________
Trotsky is ___________________ in Mexico in 1940
Stalin???

22. Stalin ends _________________
Launches first _________ Year Plan in 1928
Purpose: Transform Russia overnight from an agricultural to an ____________________ country
Focused on production of __________________ and __________________________ goods
Ex.: B/w 1928 & 1937 steel production increased from 4 million to 18 million tons per year

23. Costs of Stalin’s Programs -
Social & political costs of 5 year plans were extreme
# of workers ____________________________
Investment in housing went ___________________
= miserable living conditions for workers
With rapid industrialization came rapid collectivization of __________________________ which eliminated ______________________ farms
Those who opposed Stalin’s plans were sent to forced labor camps (_______________) in Siberia or _________________
During the Great Purge __________ million were sent to labor camps

24. Eastern Europe
_________________________ governments formed in Eastern Europe at this time as well
Little tradition of political democracy in the area led to defeat of _____________________ systems.

25. Spain Political ____________________ fails as well
General _______________________ revolted against the democratic government in 1936
Led the __________________ party against the republican party
Foreign intervention in Spanish Civil War
___________ & Germany supported Franco’s forces
Franco captures Madrid in 1939 and establishes a _________________ dictatorship that lasted until his death in _________________

26. Lesson 3: Hitler & Nazi Germany

27. Adolf Hitler…
1889 born in __________________; moved to ____________
Poor behavior & Failure in school – left at age ___
Developed ideology of nationalism & _______________________________
Wanted to be an ____________ & traveled to Vienna to attend art school
was _________________________ by art academy
Served four years in _______ on the western front

28. Nazism 1919 – joined the German ______________ Party
1921 – took over party, re-named it National ___________________ German Workers’ Party
NSDAP = ______________ for short
In two years Hitler’s party had…
55,000 members
15,000 joined the party _________________
AKA – SS, storm troops, or __________________________
started an armed uprising against the gov’t in Munich; known as the __________________ Putsch
Quickly put down
Hitler arrested & sentenced to prison for 8 months
Wrote Mein Kampf,“___________________________”

29. Mein Kampf
Links German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, & ________________________ together through Social __________________________
Emphasized right of “superior” nations to Lebensraum “________________” through expansion
Right of “superior” individuals gain ______________ over the masses
Develop an _______________ racial state that would dominate Europe & possibly the world

30. Rise of Nazism
Hitler realized in __________ he would have to take over gov’t by attaining _____________ not through ____________________
Goal: overthrow the Weimar Republic
1929 – released from prison & expanded the Nazi party to over ____________ people in three years
Largest party in _____________ (parliament) due to…
_________________ problems
Unemployment promised a new Germany
Appealed to _____________________& militarism

31. Nazis Take Control 1930 – German President Paul _______________
Reichstag had very little power
Hitler had backing of the powerful, rich, & _______
Landowners, factory owners, officers, & bureaucrats
1933 – Hindenburg allowed Hitler to become _____________ & allowed him to create a new gov’t
: ___________ Act Passed by Reichstag…
Gave gov’t _________ years to ignore _________________
Hitler no longer needed President or Parliament
He became a dictator appointed by the ________________

32. The Nazi State, 1933 - 1939 All ____________________ under his control
Purged civil service of _______________ elements & Jews - all ________________ abolished, except Nazi
Set up prisons called “___________________” for all who opposed him & the Nazi Party
1934 – Hindenburg died; office of ______________ Abolished
Hitler became sole ruler of Germany
Known as __________________________ “Leader”

33. How was Hitler able to establish a Totalitarian State?
Mass ____________________________
Evoke Enthusiasm & Excitement
_________________: make people instrument of policies
Youth programs
Party Meetings
Nuremberg Party ______________ held every September
Ended __________________ & put people to work
Use ___________________ to maintain control

34. The State & Terror Schutzstaffeln – The SS – “Guard Squadrons”
Led by ______________________________
Hitler’s __________________________
Controlled secret police forces & regular police
Were the _____________________ squads
Ran concentration camps & ________________ camps
Based upon 2 principles: terror & ____________
Instruments of representation & _________________
Goal: further the “Aryan Master Race”

35. Nuremberg Laws…
Anyone with even one Jewish ________________ was defined as a Jew
All Jews were stripped of their German ________________ and ____________________
No ______________ b/t Jews & German citizens
All Jews required to wear the yellow Star of David & carry an ___________________________

36. Kristallnacht Night of _______________ Glass – Nov. 9, 1938
__________________ & Jewish businesses burned &/or destroyed
30,000 Jewish males arrested & sent to ___________
New laws for Jews…
Barred from all ___________________ buildings
Schools, hospitals, etc.
Prohibited from owning, managing, or working in a _________________________
Encouraged to ________________ (leave) Germany