1. Warm Up
We will do a Liberal vs. Conservative activity.

2. Unit 6: The Great Depression: New Deal Under Attack

3. There were conflicting arguments about the New Deal legislation
There were conflicting arguments about the New Deal legislation. One school of thought argued that an increase in the role of government was intrusive and detrimental to society (Conservative). Others argued that the increase in the role of government was needed in order to restore the economy and that government is responsible for the economic welfare of citizens (Liberal). Either way, the New Deal changed the way many citizens view the responsibilities of the government.

4. Two Different Political Points of Views
Liberals – felt like the New Deal did not go far enough to help the poor and the economic system
Roosevelt
Liberal Opponents
Introduced higher taxes on the rich
Believed if it was good for business, then it was good for America
New Deal divided into three parts (Relief, Reform, and Recovery)
Believed too generous to the corporate interests
Confiscate any personal fortune over $3 million and use this money to give each family in America
Promised a national minimum wage, old age pensions, and cheap food for the poor (opinions of Huey Long)

5. Two Different Political Points of Views
Conservatives – felt like the New Deal interfered with the workings of a free-economy.
Roosevelt’s attempt to increase the number of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15 would have created a shift in the “separation of powers” and “checks and balances”

6. Roosevelt and the Supreme Court
President Roosevelt tried to put in place many innovative and reforming "New Deal" programs in order to get the country out of the Depression. At that time the prevailing opinion on governments taking actions that were more like actions a private business would take was that it was most likely unconstitutional. The Supreme Court had six of Roosevelt’s projects, and one government agency, declared unconstitutional.

7. IIn 1937, President Franklin D
IIn 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt drafted a bill for Congress titled the "Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937," which became popularly known as the "Court-packing Plan," for Roosevelt's attempt to add as many as six new Justices to the Supreme Court so that he could get more support for the Supreme Court. The opponents of President Franklin D Roosevelt’s “court packing” efforts is that it would weaken the separation of power.

8. Franklin Roosevelt attempted to increase the number of U. S
Franklin Roosevelt attempted to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices.
Impact – each branch of government became more aware of the important nature of the checks and balances.

10. Discussion Question Do you think the New Deal was anti-business?
Think about:
The expanded power of the federal government
The New Deal’s effect on the economy
The New Deal’s effect on the American people

11. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN TERMS OF STRICT CONSTRUCTION VERSUS JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION
Strict construction is when the judiciary makes decisions based on the strict text and reading of the Constitution.
Judicial interpretation is a judicial theory that involves how the judiciary branch could interpret the constitution or a law; they make decisions based on the text of the document or their belief on the intent of document

12. Example of Judicial Interpretation:
Powell v Alabama (1932) – The 14th Amendment protects the right of the accused to access a lawyer regardless of the ability to afford one. The text of the 14th Amendment, however, does not specifically provide for the right to a lawyer. How does the Supreme Court expand protection of additional rights not listed in the Constitution? New Interpretations.

13. National Labor Relations Act (1935) - is a foundational statute of US labor law which guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining for better terms and conditions at work, and take collective action including strike if necessary. The act also created the National Labor Relations Board with a requirement for the employer to engage in collective bargaining with this union.  The Supreme Court rules that the National Labor Relations Act is constitutional.

14. End of the Great Depression – America’s entrance of World War II.

15. Discussion Question
How successful was FDR as president during the New Deal?
Did it really help us during the Great Depression?
How did it change America?

16. 1. Speech, religion, assembly, press 2. Bear arms 3
1. Speech, religion, assembly, press 2. Bear arms 3. Quartering of soldiers 4. Unlawful search and seizure 5. Habeas Corpus, due process 6. Speedy trial, representation 7. Trial by jury in federal court 8. Cruel, unusual punishment 9. All individual rights may not be listed 10. Powers not specifically given to the Federal government are reserved to the states or individual 11. Clearly defines original jurisdiction of Supreme Court 12. Electoral College for selecting President / Vice President 13. Abolished slavery 14. Established citizenship, representation, and loyalty
15.  Gave suffrage to all males of age, regardless of race
16.  Established Federal Income Tax system
17.  Established popular vote for Senators
18.  Prohibition
19.  Gave women right to vote
20.  Terms of office for Legislature, Presidential succession
21.  Ended Prohibition
22.  Terms limits for President
23.  Gave D.C. electoral votes
24.  Ended poll taxes
25.  Further clarifies Presidential succession
26.  Gave right to vote to all citizens 18 years of age, and older
27.  Legislators cannot give themselves pay raises in an election year