1. African Languages
2000 languages in Africa

2. 2000 languages in Africa 4 major language families
African Languages
2000 languages in Africa
4 major language families

3. African Languages

4. Afro-Asiatic languages
African Languages
Afro-Asiatic languages

5. Nilo-Saharan languages
African Languages
Nilo-Saharan languages

6. Niger-Kordofanian languages
African Languages
Niger-Kordofanian languages

7. African Languages
Khoisan languages

8. African Languages Swahili is native language of 5-15 million people
Is official language of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

9. African Languages
Many Africans have native language, use Swahili, English, French in school

10. African Languages
Many Africans have native language, use Swahili, English, French in school
Many African languages use tone
Clicks are found in Khoisan languages

11. African Languages African words in English Jumbo Goober Banjo Safari
Zombie
Jazz
Cola
Yam
Juke(box)

12. Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages
Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu

13. Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages
Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu
They are NOT mutually intelligible

14. Chinese Chinese refers to a number of languages
Mandarin, Cantonese, Hunanese, Min, Gan, Hakka, Wu
They are NOT mutually intelligible
Mandarin is official language of China

15. Chinese

16. Chinese

17. Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters
2500 needed to read newspaper
8000 known by educated person

18. Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters
2500 needed to read newspaper
8000 known by educated person
Lack of cognates

19. Chinese Why is Chinese hard to learn? 50,000 Characters
2500 needed to read newspaper
8000 known by educated person
Lack of cognates
Tone
Cantonese TongueTwister

20. Chinese What is easy about Chinese? Morphology: one word one morpheme
No obligatory tense
Past can be marked with le
Continuous marked with ne

21. Chinese What is easy about Chinese? Morphology: one word one morpheme
No obligatory tense
Past can be marked with le
Continuous marked with ne
Compare to English eat, eats, eating, eaten, ate
Compare Spanish: comes, comia, comeriamos, comio . . .

22. Japanese

23. Japanese Japanese is not related to Chinese
Japanese borrowed Chinese characters

24. Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols Logographic

25. Japanese Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols
Logographic
Hiragana
Phonetic syllabary used for Japanese words

26. Japanese Japanese has 3 alphabets Kanji Borrowed Chinese symbols
Logographic
Hiragana
Phonetic syllabary used for Japanese words
Katakana
Phonetic syllabary used for foreign words

27. Japanese has borrowed many English words

28. Japanese Japanese has borrowed many English words Idol > aidoru
Answer > ansa
Desk > desuku
McDonalds > Macudonarudo
Sexual harrassment > sekuhara
One piece > wanpisu

29. Japanese Japanese words in English Honcho Judo, Karate, Jujistu Emoji
Tycoon
Edamame
Hibachi
Ramen
Soy
Tofu

30. Why is Japanese hard? Writing system

31. Why is Japanese hard? Writing system (but no tone)

32. Japanese Why is Japanese hard? Writing system (but no tone)
Different language depending on gender of speakers, level of formality

33. Japanese

34. Japanese
Japanese honorifics

35. Indian languages belong to different families

36. India There are over 1600 language in India
There are about 22 major languages

37. India

38. India

39. Each language has its own alphabet
India
Each language has its own alphabet

40. Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood)
India
Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood)

41. India Hindi is used as a lingua franca (Bollywood)
India is second largest English-speaking country
English is used as a lingua franca

42. In schools Indians learn mother tongue, Hindi, and English

43. India In schools Indians learn mother tongue, Hindi, and English
Hinglish is code switching between Hindi and English
Found in Bollywood films

44. Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible

45. India Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible
Urdu in Pakistan, Hindi in India
Urdu speakers are Muslim
Hindi speakers are Hindu
History of religious intolerance

46. India Urdu and Hindi Are mutually intelligible
Urdu in Pakistan, Hindi in India
Urdu speakers are Muslim
Hindi speakers are Hindu
History of religious intolerance
Hindi written in Devengari
Urdu written in Arabic

47. India Indian words in English Bandanna Bungalow Candy Punch Chop
Ginger
Jungle
Shampoo
Orange

48. What language should be universal?
Esperanto
What language should be universal?

49. What language should be universal? Choosing one shows preference
Esperanto
What language should be universal?
Choosing one shows preference

50. Esperanto What language should be universal?
Choosing one shows preference
People have prejudices about languages/speakers

51. Esperanto What language should be universal?
Choosing one shows preference
People have prejudices about languages/speakers
Using invented language eliminates problem

52. Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887 Vocabulary is European based

53. Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887
Vocabulary is European based
Has no irregularities

54. Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887
Vocabulary is European based
Has no irregularities
Never really caught on
People have conferences, translate books

55. Esperanto Esperanto was invented in Poland in 1887
Vocabulary is European based
Has no irregularities
Never really caught on
People have conferences, translate books
Fanatics teach it to children

56. Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages
Invented Languages
Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages

57. Invented Languages Tolkien started it: elf, dwarf languages
Some were devised as lingua francas (Volapuk, Esperanto

58. Invented Languages Linguist Marc Okrand asked to invent Klingon
He published grammar and dictionary
He made it as different from most human languages as possible
All languages allow CV, not Klingon
Object Verb Subject order (odd)
Birds shot I

59. Invented Languages
Klingon alphabet

60. Klingon language institute Klingon religious texts translation
Invented Languages
Klingon language institute
Klingon religious texts translation

63. I am a child of God