1. Introduction to plants

2. Characteristics Eukaryotic All have tissues Cell walls have cellulose
Most contain chlorophyll and other pigment
Most are autotrophic
Some heterotrophic and parasitic
All reproduce sexually

3. Preventing moisture loss
Cuticle- a waxy covering to prevent water loss
Stomata are pores that allow for gas exchange and water prevention.
Guard cells open and close stomata.

4. 3 Major Groups of Plants
Classification is based upon the presence /absence of vascular tissue and seeds.
Non-Vascular Plants
Vascular plants without seeds
Vascular plants with Seeds

6. Non-Vascular Plants Mosses! Bryophytes
Lack true roots, stems and roots because they so not contain vascular tissues.
Reproduce using spores NOT seeds.
Key features
Small size- water and nutrients are absorbed directly from the surroundings
Alteration of Generation Life Cycle- gametophyte is larger than sporophytes
Need water for reproduction. Sperm is stored in antheridia and eggs are stored in archegonia.
Non-vascular plants do not grow large, because they cannot transport water a long distance, and are limited to damp shady areas, because in the sun they dry out. They reproduce by spores, rather than seeds and their reproductive cycle involves two distinct, external stages, (essentially two different plants) which does not happen in plants with seeds.

7. Water is needed for the sperm to fertilize the egg.

8. 2 other non-vascular plants
liverworts and hornworts

9. Uses of non-vascular plants
Peat moss is used as a fuel
Gardeners use peat moss to hold moisture in soil.