1. Overview of FP3-GLDC Jules Bayala
PF3 lead, CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (GLDC)

2. Outline Rationale FP3 objectives Right Mix Impact pathways and ToC
CoAs & research questions
Summary

3. Rationale
SFS provide the majority of grains (66% sorghum, 74% millet), milk (75%) and meat (60%) in the tropics as well as 15% of N inputs for crop production via legume N-fixation and manure amendments
Employ millions of people on farms, in formal and informal markets, in processing, etc.
C-L-T-L are complementary components providing staple food (balanced diets), marketable commodities, income, feed, N, manure, fuelwood and workpower
Despite synergies of C-L-T-L, overexploitation of NR has led to land degradation, loss biodiversity and decrease in production
New insect, pests, diseases and weeds associated with a greater dependency on PPPs and their inappropriate use
Therefore, SFS need to be intensified to feed increasing populations while stopping degradation and restoring NRs

4. Objectives of FP3 Main objective Specific objectives
The goal of this flagship is to capacitate stakeholders such that they can improve the productivity, profitability and sustainability of SFS using on- farm and in-HH innovations to ensure HH nutritional security and enhanced income generation through integrated crop, tree and livestock production systems.
To co-design, test and scale improved crop-tree- livestock management options and their interactions to optimize productivity and enhance resource use- efficiency;
To increase the productivity and agro-biodiversity in farming systems and strengthen HH livelihoods through improved nutrition and dietary diversity;
To increase the climate resilience of farming systems through integrated SCWN management approaches;
To manage and conserve the NR base and close nutrient cycles to avoid soil fertility losses; and
To use (with FP1 and FP2) Innovation Platform (IP) approaches to identify opportunities for value chain enhancement.

5. R3 mix-4Commodity outputs-@Place
Higher resource use efficiency, productivity and sustainability
LEK and livelihood context (FP1-2)
Locally adapted & preferred varieties
Desired diversification
Context-specific portfolio of options: techn., inst./policy & market
Last advances in genetic (FP4-5)
Stress (water, nutrient, insect, etc.) tolerant varieties
Good root traits for nutrient recycling
Traits for stress tolerance & root for nutrient cycling (FP5)
Field/Farm/Household
Better understanding of processes to identify best management options and design best integrated production systems
Developing methods, models & tools
Strong PMEL & capacitated stakeholders
Ecological effectiveness
Socially acceptable
Cross cutting research priorities
Climate change
Gender and youth
Capacity development
BigData and gender responsive ICT
Scaling up
Landscape/community: WLE, FTA, CCAFS, PIM
Scaling out
Engaging partners in RinD including PCs: NARES, Extension services, NGOs (GAIN, AGRA, CRS, CARE, etc.)
Linking with nat./reg. programs & inter. commitments (SDGs, ZNLD, 4 per mille, Bonn challenge, etc.)
Improved livelihoods and ecosystems
Functional value chains (FP2): reduced poverty
Improved food and nutrition security: balanced diet
improved NR and ES
Library of validated options and lessons learnt
Policy decision making
Priority setting (FP1)
Work on varieties (FP4-5)

6. Impact pathway and ToC
Integrating existing solutions against novel biophysical and social challenges
Capitalizing on existing knowledge on IPM and system management practices
Strives toward closing yield gaps and diversifying crop productions for balanced diets and income generation
Development of low-cost mechanization options suitable for increased labour use efficiency, thus making the systems attractive for jobs creation
By leveraging the dual purpose of GLDC as food and feed, livestock-GLDC integration will be explicitly addressed

7. CoA1: Cropping systems management
Farm management
Sources of starch, protein, micronutrients and vitamins
Income
Optimized farm level productivity & resilience
Integrated crop-livestock-trees
Performance through field measurement, participatory monitoring & remote sensing
Climate risk management
Enhanced soil quality (more soil C) and reduced GHGs
Reduced N cost through N inputs from legumes
Enhanced resource use (labour, water, nutrients, etc.) efficiency
Optimal crop-crop varieties mixes and better management options
Gender and age-sensitive low-cost farm-mechanization options

8. Questions to be addressed
(a) How do agroecology, enabling conditions, market opportunities and farming systems determine options for natural resource management that will result in more resilient, profitable and nutritiously secure livelihoods?
(b) What patterns of land use optimize productivity while conserving natural resources?
(c) Which low-cost farm-mechanization options improve productivity, labour use efficiency and reduce drudgery, particularly for women and youth?
(d) What modalities can be used to promote adoption of research outputs, including the role of the private sector, rural entrepreneurs, farmers’ organizations and policymakers, and how can this be scaled out?

9. CoA2: Innovations for managing abiotic and biotic stresses
Field management
More climate-resilient productive farming systems designed
FP4-5 & Genebank
Understanding the interactions between SCWN through testing & modelling
Gender and age-sensitive IPM for healthy crops
Crops & varieties/cultivars selection
Climate (temp, flood, drought) risks management
Context-specific SCWN management options/practices
Reduced GHGs
Reduced pollution

10. Questions to be addressed
SCWN management
IPM
(a) How can SCWN modelling, coupled with geo- informatics and appropriate ICT applications help identify entry points and address site specific issues at the HH level for improved decision making at the farm level?
(b) How and where do CA and diversity of tree/crop varieties/cultivars and livestock breeds contribute to NR conservation and sustainability?
(c) How will the use of crop and other residues for either soil improvement or livestock feed be considered as part of livelihood strategies and interacting value chains of crop and animal products?
(d) How can the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation be increased?
(e) What information do farmers need to integrate the use of available inputs in order to improve farming system performance and close nutrient cycles?
(a) What are the knowledge gaps with respect to biotic stresses and environment interactions as mediated by climate change?
(b) How can farmers make informed decisions about IPM options to be deployed to suit locally and regionally different agronomic and environmental conditions?
(c) What are the best gender and age-sensitive options for integrating community-based organizations and the private sector for scaling out IPM?
(d) Which cereal and legume crops and varieties/cultivars in intra and inter-cropping or sequential cropping with allelopathic effects can be introduced to control diseases and suppress weed growth?
(e) What policies need to be in place to support the use of IPM?

11. CoA3: Testing, adapting and validating options
System management
Links between scale of policy instruments (national) and farmer activities (local) clarified
Food and nutritional security and resilient GLDC-based farming systems
Governance structures and decision making processes of key stakeholders mapped
Variation across scales characterized and their impacts on innovation options assessed and modelled integrating biophysical, socio-economic factors & farmer behaviour
GLDC options adapted to the local needs co-designed, tested and validated at field, farm and landscape scales
Capacitated stakeholders engagement & participation in learning platforms
Trade-off analyses (food-poverty versus ecosystem degradation) at HH (GLDC) and landscape (WLE)
Communication tools and messages adapted to the full range of stakeholders

12. Questions to be addressed
(a) What are the aggregating metrics for sustainability on individual interventions?
(b) What are trade-off of farm scale options and the competitiveness of new technologies against competing enterprises and their impacts on whole HH;
(c) What are the impacts of these interventions at the landscape level with spatially explicit agro-environmental models (e.g., WLE’s Mapping Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being).
NB: The modelling platforms (household, crop and livestock) will be used to better understand temporal and spatial dynamics and therefore trade-offs and risk.

13. Summary
Participatory approaches to better target interventions via a focus on: Options x Context = Farming system performance
System performance: yield and quality gap reductions, but includes better NR management and crop-livestock diversity for higher profitability, resilience to CC, pests, and market risk
A library of case studies of options x context developed to support policy decisions on the management of GLDC-AFS.
Near-real-time satellite remote sensing imaging coupled with climate and in-situ observations to allow stakeholders to tailor the rural advisory and early warning to farm production dynamics.
FP3 will involve multiple stakeholders in a way that feedbacks are incorporated in the process of development and adoption of sustainably intensified GLDC-based agricultural systems.
FP3 will combine technical and social innovations using trans-disciplinary and integrated research approaches and methods to ensure delivery of the expected nutritional and environmental benefits

14. Merci de votre attention
Demand-driven Innovation for the Drylands
In partnership with CGIAR Centers, public and private organizations, governments, and farmers worldwide
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