1. The Second Year Experience: More than just a re-mix Nora Allen Assistant Director for Advisor Development Undergraduate Affairs, Office of Advising Practice

2. Presentation Preview Group work Overview of student development Second-year psyche Issues that face second-year students Compare and contrast by institutional type Programs and interventions Q&A

3. Second-year vs. Sophomore Sophomore is marked by an arbitrary collection of credit hours Some students come in with enough credits to be a sophomore Some students dont have enough credits to be a sophomore after the first year Cause of stress

4. Group Time! What were your experiences as a second-year student? How did the second year differ from the first year?

5. What theory can do for you…. Explain and chart student growth and development Guide programs, policies, and procedures Explain student attrition

6. The main questions that development seeks to answer….. What interpersonal and intrapersonal changes occur while the student is in college? What factors lead to development? What aspects of the college environment foster or hamper growth? What are the developmental outcomes institutions seek to achieve? According to Knefelkamp, Widick, & Parker (1978)

7. Tintos model of student departure Pre-entry variables: aptitude, abilities, background Institutional interactions that modify the pre-entry variables Level of commitment to goals and institution Motivation

8. Student Development Phases in Higher Education Allen 2005 Acculturation Crystallization Immersion Mastery, Completion, Closure

9. Acculturation Pre-entry variables External focus: distracted by demands of new environment Expectations vs. reality May not be ready for serious planning and goal setting

10. Social Organizational Stages as Applied to Students Yarbrough, B., and Brown, M.H. (2003). Anticipatory Encounter Metamorphosis

11. Crystallization Internal conflict Why am I here? Disillusioned More settled and looking for direction Advising, career, financial planning are critical

12. Now what?!?!?! Competencies Values Motivation Cost/benefit Choices

13. Molly Schallers Stages of the Sophomore Year Random exploration Focused exploration Tentative choices Commitment

14. Lemons & Richmond (1987) Applied Chickerings vectors to second-year students Achieving competence Developing autonomy Establishing identity Developing purpose

15. Crisis and Conflict Erikson (1969): concept of crisis and commitment Parks (1986): faculty serve as center for conflict by challenging students to move beyond set worldview; faculty assist students in working to rebuild belief systems

16. What is Sophomore Slump? Lemons & Richmond (1987) define the slump as a period of confusion Feldman & Newcomb (1969) define the slump as a time of dissatisfaction with college and self Lack of involvement and motivation

17. Pattengales (2000) Categories: Academic Developmental Institutional

18. Academic Not committed to a major Forced to choose a major too soon More difficult curriculum Competition for grades No Plan B Loss of scholarship Delayed consequences of negative behavior Disconnect between general education and major Weed out

19. Developmental Uncertain about life goals Cost/benefit What am I here Lack of support Co-curricular issues Honeymoon period is over Career and academic advising Financial concerns

20. Institutional No connection to the institution Bad experiences Fiscal mismanagement Housing loss Value fit Support Transition into major doesnt pick up where first-year initiatives left off

21. Student Learning Outcomes What do you want students to: Know Do Value Look for common themes, categories, or groupings: Academic Developmental Institutional

22. Who are your students? Type of institution Student characteristics/demographics Student sub-groups

23. Public vs. Private (Juillerat, 2000) Private High expectations Issues related to academic excellence Connected to campus experience; pride in campus Value opportunities for self exploration Public High value on services Financial aid and billing policies Faculty availability Advising Registration process; availability of courses; course offerings Intramurals Library staff Health services Parking

24. Program Suggestions Pattengale Sophomore orientation in each major Intentional support Study abroad, internships, service learning General Education Leadership opportunities; campus work opportunities Beloit College: Second-Year Initiative Colorado College: Sophomore Jump Program Colgate: Second-Year Experience Kennesaw State: Year 2 Second-year seminar Support to connect with major, navigate gen. ed., plug into campus resources, closely monitor progress Sophomore peer leaders

25. Group Time Re-Mix What are the issues that face second-year students at UofL? What policies, procedures and programs could help or hamper student success? How can Academic and Student Affairs collaborate to foster second-year success?

26. Put it into practice…. Review services and programs Look at policy and procedure Examine daily practice Identify who needs assistance Dont simply repackage first-year programs

27. References Chickering, A.W., & Reisser, L. 1993 (2 nd edition). Education and identity. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton. Feldman, K. A., & Newcomb, T.M. (1969). The impact of college on students. Washington, DC: Jossey- Bass. Juillerat, S. (2000). Assessing the expectations and satisfaction levels of sophomores: How are they unique? In Schreiner, L. A., & Pattengale, J. (Eds.). (2000). Visible solutions for invisible students: Helping sophomores succeed. (Monograph No. 31). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition. Lemons, L. J., & Richmond, D. R. (1987, Winter). A developmental perspective of the sophomore slump. NASPA Journal, 24 (3), 15-19. Pattengale, J. (2007). Policy and practice to enhance sophomore success. In Tobolowsky, B. F., & Cox, B. E. (Eds.). (2007). Shedding light on sophomores: An exploration of the second college year. (The First Year Experience Monograph Series). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition. Schaller, M.A. (2006, Nov.). Complexities in understanding the experience of sophomore students. Plenary address at the 13 th National Conference on Students in Transition. St. Louis, MO. Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Yarbrough, B. & Brown, M.H. (2003). Understanding organizational socialization: Insight for academic advisors. NACADA Journal. 23 (1&2), 66-73.