1. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY
CHAPTER 24

2. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY
Activity and exercise are important for physical and mental well-being.
Activity can be limited due to:
Illness
Surgery
Injuries
Pain
Aging
Chronic illness
Prolonged bed rest

3. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY
Deconditioning is the loss of muscle strength from inactivity.
Clients should be encouraged to be as active as possible because older adults become deconditioned quickly.

4. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY BED REST
Bed rest can be ordered for several reasons:
To reduce physical activity
To reduce pain
To encourage rest
To regain strength
To promote healing

5. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY COMPLICATIONS OF BED REST
Lack of exercise can cause serious complications. Every body system is affected (see handout). Complications can include:
Pressure ulcers
Constipation
Fecal impaction
UTI’s
Renal calculi
Blood clots
Pneumonia

6. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY
Contractures (lack of joint mobility caused by shortening of the muscle pg. 486)
Atrophy (decrease in size or wasting of tissue pg 486)
Orthostatic hypotension (drop in BP after standing or sitting causing dizziness, weakness)
Syncope (fainting or LOC)

7. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY EXERCISE
Exercise helps to prevent contractures, atrophy and other complications of bed rest.
ROM (range of motion) exercises: the movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain. ROM can be:
Active
Passive
Active assistive

8. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY ROM Definitions can be found on pg 485 Abduction
Adduction
Extension
Flexion
Hyperextension
Dorsiflexion
Rotation
Internal rotation
External rotation
Plantar flexion
Pronation
Supination
Definitions can be found on pg 485

9. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY AMBULATION
Regular walking helps to prevent deconditioning.
Ambulation is the act of walking
Walking aids may be used such as:
Crutches
Walkers
Canes
PROCEDURE : Helping the person to walk pg 498

10. EXERCISE & ACTIVITY FALLS PROCEDURE: Helping the falling person pg 501
A client may fall when walking or standing because they are weak, dizzy or lightheaded.
Make sure your client is wearing non-skid shoes/slippers
Never try to stop a fall while it is happening, this can cause greater harm
PROCEDURE: Helping the falling person pg 501

11. ROM EXERCISES Head & neck Shoulders Elbow Forearm
Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension
Rotation
Lateral flexion
Shoulders
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/adduction
External/internal rotation
Elbow
Flexion/extension
Forearm
Supination/pronation

12. ROM EXERCISES Wrist Thumb Fingers Flexion/extension/hyperextension
Ulnar flexion/radial flexion
Thumb
Abduction/adduction
Extension/flexion
Opposition
Fingers
Flexion/extension

13. ROM EXERCISES Hip Knee Ankle Foot Toes
Flexion/extension/hyperextension
Abduction/adduction
Internal/external rotation
Knee
Flexion/extension
Ankle
Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion
Foot
Supination/pronation
Toes