1. The American Revolution, 1775-1783

2. The Combatants

3. Tale of the Tape British Advantages Army of regulars Top Navy
30,000 Hessians
50,000 American loyalists
Money and supplies

4. Tale of the Tape American Advantages 3,000 miles of ocean Home Turf
Fighting for independence
Leadership
Training in F&I War
Possible French assistance

5. First Continental Congress
First C.C. convened in Phil. in ‘74
Statement of grievances to King
Made preparations in MA for fighting
Agreed not to consume British goods
Agreed to meet again in ‘75

6. The Fighting Begins Lexington and Concord ‘75
“The shot heard round the world”
Unclear start to a revolution
Second C.C. meets 3 wks later
GA sends no rep.
Approves “Olive Branch Petition”
Reconciliation begins to appear unlikely

7. The Shot Heard Round the World

8. Common Sense Published Jan.’76
Sold 100,000 copies in first four months
Called for complete split from Britain and its constitution
Thomas Paine

9. Declaration of Independence
Written by Jefferson
Formal break with the crown

10. When in the Course of Human Events…

12. Reactions to July 4…

13. Conducting the War
Despite individual states vying for power, Congress given power to coordinate the war but
Armies raised from state militias
Depended on states
volunteering money,
Continental money issued
rapidly

14. Phase I: New England ’75-’76
British driven from Mass (Bunker Hill)
Invasion of British Canada
Quebec assualted
Arnold and Montgomery led
No Canadian revolution
British realize the scope of the revolution

15. Phase II: The Mid-Atlantic ’76-’78
Over 30,000 British regulars arrive in New York under Howe (not a fighter)
Success in upstate NY for Burgoyne at first
Washington attacks during winter with limited success
Saratoga
Turning point
Outnumbered Burgoyne forced to surrender

16. New York City in Flames

17. Washington Crossing the Delaware

18. Phase III:The South
Saratoga gave France the confidence to support the Patriots with supplies
Diplomatic recognition followed in ’78
Britain’s European wars expand
French Navy arrives

19. Phase III: The South (cont.)
Britain hoped to rely on Loyalists in the south for support
Military commitment by Britain decreases
Yorktown marks last major battle
Cornwallis cornered between land and sea
French-American army surround British

20. “The World Turn’d Upside Down”

21. War and Society Loyalists harassed Left behind property and estates
Many moved to Canada or Britain
Native-Americans generally opposed the Rev.
Mixed bag for African-Americans

22. War and Economy Eco. suffered at first Trade with Britain cut off
No protection at sea
Eco. diversified by the 1780s
New trading partners
Formation of navy
Some industry forms

23. Imports/Exports

24. Articles of Confederation (’81-’89
Fed. Gov’t consisted of a unicameral Congress (9 out of 13 votes to pass a law)
13 out of 13 to amend
Rep. frequently absent
Could not tax or raise armies
Northwest Ordinance a success
Shays’ Rebellion shows weaknesses

25. Treaty of Paris of 1783
US bordered by Mississippi, Canada, Atlantic, and Florida
Diplomatic recog. by British
British promise to evacuate Ohio Valley
US promises to pay debts

26. State Constitutions Guiding principle: Do the opposite of Britain
Republicanism
CN & RI simply changed their colonial charters
Limited executive branch
Most had bicameral legislatures
Property req. for voting

27. Occupations of Representatives

28. Toleration and Slavery
Where it was not used, usually abolished
SC and GA refused to halt slave trade
Sep. of Church and State (Statute of Relig. Freedom by Thomas Jefferson of VA)

29. Washington Resigns from the Army