1. Chapter 03 *Lecture Outline
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2. Body Organization Cells form Tissues Tissues form Organs
Organs form Systems (e.g., digestive)

4. Cell Processes Constant turnover of substances
Require energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Require nutrients

5. Cell Membrane Double layers of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein
Controls passage of substances
Distinct identification structures

6. Organelles
Compartments and specialized structures that perform specific functions
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria — Power plant
Major site for energy production

7. Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum — Communication network Golgi Complex
Rough endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - fat synthesis
Golgi Complex
Packaging site for protein

9. Organelles Lysosomes Peroxisomes Cell’s digestive system
Detoxify harmful chemicals

10. Nucleus Double membrane Genetic material DNA
Directs protein synthesis and cell division

11. Cell Metabolism Entire network of chemical processes Two types:
Release energy from food
Synthesis
Prepare waste products
Two types:
Anabolic
Catabolic

12. Four Types of Tissues Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
Lines the outside surfaces and external passages
Connective
Holds structures together
Muscle
Contracts to cause movement
Nervous
Transports nerve impulses

13. Exchange of Nutrients

14. Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Heart and blood vessels
Blood
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circuit
Lymphatic system

15. Cardiovascular System

16. Capillary and Lymph Vessels

17. Portal Circulation Transports nutrients From the small intestine
Delivers to the liver

18. Blood Circulation

19. Lymphatic System Contains lymph Immune cells
Passage for large particles
Empties into veins leading to the heart

20. Nervous System Regulatory system Central Nervous System
Brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Branches out to organs
Basic unit is Neuron
Responds to electrical and chemical signals

21. Nerve Transmission Chemically-gated sodium/potassium channel Sodium
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Chemically-gated
sodium/potassium
channel
Sodium
Neuron
Gate closed
Postsynaptic membrane
of another neuron or
nearby cell
Receptor
Synaptic vesicle
Neurotransmitter
Synapse

22. Sending Signals Change in sodium and potassium concentration
Neurotransmitter
Secretion of dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine
Dependent on nutrient supply

23. Endocrine System Secretes regulatory substances (hormones)
Target cells with receptor proteins
Body’s messenger
Insulin
Thyroid hormones

24. Pancreas Common bile duct Pancreatic duct Pancreas Exocrine cells
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Common bile duct
Pancreatic duct
Pancreas
Exocrine cells
secrete digestive
enzymes into
pancreatic duct
Pancreatic
islet
Endocrine cells
secrete hormones
into blood stream
Blood vessel

25. Immune System

26. The Skin Continuous barrier Effects of nutritional deficiencies
Lysozyme

27. The Intestinal Cells Barrier to invading microbes Immunoglobulins
Muscosal membrane
Effects of nutritional deficiency

28. White Blood Cells Attack microorganism Phagocytes
Cell-mediated immunity
Antibodies
Antibody-antigen response
Template (memory) made

29. White Blood Cells

30. The Digestive System

31. The Mouth
Mastication
Taste
Saliva
Solvent
Enzymes
Mucus