1. Liver Cancer Around the World
Swingna Xiao
David Dyck

2. Hypothesis
It is an accepted fact that standard of living influences overall health and that higher alcohol consumption is a risk factor for liver cancer. With this in mind, we think that the number of liver cancer cases will be greater in eastern countries than western and that liver cancer cases will be more numerous among men than women. We believe this because many eastern countries have lower standards of living, and that men tend to drink more than women

3. Background Info The liver is an essential organ in the body
Its main role is to filter the blood
Other roles are to synthesize proteins, and biological chemicals that help with digestion
Liver cancer
Regular heavy alcohol use can damage the liver leading to inflammation which raises the risk of liver cancer
Alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde (a known carcinogen) in the body
As damaged liver cells try to repair themselves, mistakes can occur in their DNA leading to cancer

4. More Info
It is the 5th most common cancer among men and 7th among women
Primary Cancer is where the cancer begins in the liver but may spread to other organs
Metastasized cancer comes originally from another source within the body
cancer cells can travel easily from the affected organ (the liver) to other areas in the body because of the livers main function of filtering the blood.

5. Sampling Techniques
We used Stats Canada and Gap minder as our main sources for our data
We used Microsoft Excel to create the Graphs, and Microsoft Word to make the report

6. Bias
Non-response bias

7. Swingna’s Part
Female Liver Cancer Around the World

8. Liver Cancer Cases of the World
Table 1: Data for Female Liver Cancer Cases
Interval
Frequency
Relative Frequency
Culmulative Frequency
x-x̄
(x-x̄)²
Canada
360
0.0121 UK
1049
0.0353
1409
France
1284
2693
South Korea
1369
0.0460
4062
Germany
1387
0.0466
5449
USA
1791
0.0602
7240
Indonesia
2334
0.0784
9574
-641.2
North Korea
3256
0.1094
12830
280.8
India
4477
0.1505
17307
1501.8
Japan
12445
0.4183
29752
9469.8
Total
1.0000
Mean
2975.2
Median
1589
Mode
N/A

9. Histogram 1. Female Summary
Displays the number of cases among the female population of each country
The general trend is western, eastern developed, eastern developing
The data has a strong positive trend

10. Line Graph 1. Female Summary
Again displays the number of female liver cancer cases, except in line graph format
The regression that best fits the data is a polynomial to the degree of six
The coefficient of determination is

11. Female Cumulative Frequency
Summary
The mild slope from Canada to Germany indicates no major change in the number of cases
Form USA to Japan shows the slope increasing, meaning higher numbers of cases

12. Female Box and Whiskers
Summary
Gives you a better view of the range, and Japan as an outlier
Highest datum is 12,445, lowest is 360

13. David's Part
Male Liver Cancer Around the World

14. Number of Male Liver Cancer Cases Around the World
Data for Male Liver Cancer Cases

15. Histogram 2. Male Summary
Displays the number of male liver cancer cases
Again the general trend is western countries, then eastern developed, and then eastern developing
It is a strong positive trend

16. Line Graph 2. Male Summary Displays the male data in line graph format
The regression that best fits the data is a polynomial to the degree of six
The coefficient of determination is
This type of regression doesn't fit the male data as nicely

17. Male Cumulative Frequency
Summary
Between Canada and North Korea shows an gradual positive curve up
This means a steady increase in the number of cases per country
The jump to Japan is still clear distinguishing it as an outlier, however it is not as large a difference as with the female cases

18. Male Box and Whiskers Summary
Gives you perspective on the difference between the other data and Japan
Highest datum is 27271, lowest is 855

19. Questions for the Class ^_^
David’s Question
Questions for the Class ^_^
1. Find the probability that the number of male cases will be less than 8000.

20. Two Variable Statistics
Summary
Displays both male and female data in line graph format
There are two distinct lines
male line starts and climbs higher faster
The two lines never touch or cross
Light blue is male
Dark blue is female

21. Two Variable Scatter Plot
Summary
x-axis represents the female cases, the y-axis represents the male cases
The data shows a strong positive correlation
The regression that best fits the trend is a quadratic
The coefficient of determination is

22. Questions for the Class ^_^
Swingna’s Question
Questions for the Class ^_^
2. Predict the number of male liver cancer cases if the number of female cases is 14,000 using the two variable scatter plot.

23. Conclusions 1. Eastern Vs. Western Causes: Population Dietary Habit
Eastern countries do have a greater number of cases
Causes:
Population
Dietary Habit
Economy

24. More Conclusions 2. Men Vs. Women
Men have a greater number of liver cancer cases than women
Causes:
Diet
Population

25. Liver Cancer Rates
The liver cancer rates are a comparison of the total number (both male and female)of liver cancer cases to the population of each country
This gives you a better perspective on the amount and location of liver cancer cases around the world

26. Liver Cancer Rate data Country Population Total Liver Cancer Cases
India
13630
1.10E-05
Canada
1245
3.61E-05
USA
11991
3.82E-05 UK
2638
4.20E-05
Indonesia
11489
4.74E-05
Germany
4230
5.17E-05
France
6051
9.25E-05
South Korea
6373
1.28E-04
Japan
39716
3.11E-04
North Korea
14425
5.90E-04

27. Live Cancer Rates Summary
This graph shows the liver cancer rates for each country
This is a more accurate representation of liver cancer around the world
India went from the second highest to the lowest

28. Bibliography www.gapminder.org/ www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html