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Published byRandolf Leonard Modified over 6 years ago
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Animals Anatomical Terminology Symmetry and Body Plans
Dorsal / Ventral Posterior / Anterior Proximal / Distal Medial / Lateral Cephalization Symmetry and Body Plans Spherical: Radial: Bilateral: Asymmetrical:
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Phyla Porifera: Cnideria: Ctenophora: Platyhelminthes: Nematoda:
Molluska: Annelida: Arthropoda: Echinodermata: Chordata:
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Germ Layers Ectoderm: Becomes skin / outer layer
Mesoderm: Middle / muscles, skeleton, gondads, kidneys, circulatory system Endoderm: Innermost / lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, lungs
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Cnidarians
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Cnidarians No Head or specialized organs for transport of materials (2 germ layers) Have digestive “sac”: one opening is mouth and anus Radial Symmetry with a “nerve net” Stinging cells or “cnidocytes” 2 body plans: Sessile polyp and floating medusa Jellyfish, corals, sea anenomies
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Corals live with algae, algae give the different color based on the type of algae
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Flatworms Water habitats 1mm to 20m in length
Body is dorsally/ventrally flattened Diffusion sufficient for gas exchange No circulatory system Mouth is anus, but has branches to digestive cavity Both Asexual (regeneration) and sexual reproduction (hermaphrodites)
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Flatworm Examples Tapeworms
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Annelids(Segmented worms)
Water or damp soils (1mm-3m) Earthworms, polycheates, leeches Digestion now has mouth and anus. Also simple crop and gizzard Closed circulatory system (stays in vessels) Blood picks up oxygen from skin Leeches have suckers For attachment
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Watch the following video and write a “transcript” of what is being said.
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Mollusks Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, octopus, cuttlefish
Most with shells, some lacking Squid (15 m and over 500 pounds) one of largest invertebrates Must be in moist environment Used for food, can carry parasites, invasive species (zebra mussles)
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Mollusks Mantle: membrane that secretes the shell
Foot: Used for locomotion in all except cephalopods (squid) Digging (clams) Attachment (mussels) Secretes mucus path (slugs) Gills: Extract oxygen Incurrent/Excurrent siphon (water in and out) Radula: Rows of teeth at the mouth. Used like a sander to capture food (scrape algae off of rocks, drill holes in clams, harpoon) Open Ciruculation Opposite sexes with external fertilization
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Conus to right Moon Snail below
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Arthropods Spiders, ticks, lobsters, crabs, Insects, centipedes and millipedes Exoskeleton made of chitin and molting Jointed appendages Body segments (Head, thorax, abdomen) Compound Eyes Open circulation Gills if in water/Tracheae and spiricles if terrestrial
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Clam (Mollusk-Bivalve)
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Earthworm
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Crayfish External Anatomy
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Crayfish Internal Anatomy
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Frog Anatomy Be sure to look at tongue attachment and structure!!
heart heart
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Starfish
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