1. Winogradsky Column

2. Bacteria exhibit wide range of diversity
Prokaryotic organisms keep our world turning by recycling elements needed for life
Winogradsky and Beijerinck studied relationship between different species of microbes in mixed communities

3. 250g mud
125g mud, 5g calcium carbonate, 5g calcium sulfate, 10g shredded paper (cellulose)
Mixed them together filled to 3cm
Added rest of the mud to fill up the column (up to 5cm from the top)
Made in October 2011

4. Rhodospirllum

11. Grey – Clostridium cellulose degrading bacteria grows when oxygen is depleted
Ferments glucose makes acetic acid succinic acid
Desulfovibrio uses fermentation products in anaerobic respiration uses sulfate as the electron accepter makes hydrogen sulfide
Makes the mud black

12. H2S helps the anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria to grow
Green sulfur bacteria Chlorobium
Purple sulfur bacteria Chromatium
Use H2S for photosynthesis
Sulfur goes back to Desulfovibrio
Most of the column red/rust due purple nonsulfur bacteria, Rhodospirillum

13. Get energy from light, use organic acids made by Clostridium for carbon. Cannot tolerate high conc. Of H2S
Cyanobacteria are in the upper zone