1. INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR (IHY) CONTRIBUTIONS TO SPACE WEATHER RESEARCH May 2008 Heliophysical: A broadening of the concept "geophysical," extending the connections from the Earth to the Sun & interplanetary space. On the 50th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year, the 2007 IHY activities will build on the success of IGY 1957 by continuing its legacy of system-wide studies of the extended heliophysical domain Joseph Davila, Barbara Thompson, Nat Gopalswamy NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center

2. What is it? Cooperative international program Started Feb 2007, Ends Feb 2009 71 countries with National committees Thousands of scientists 200 Observatories 65 Coordinated Investigation Plans (CIPs) Primarily supported by UN, NASA, US-DOS IHY (http://ihy2007.org)2

3. 3 History of International Science Years Gauss Magnetic Network 1841 1st International Polar Year 1882 2nd International Polar Year 1932 International Geophysical Year1957 International Heliophysical Year2007 International Polar Year Electronic Geophysical Year International Year of Planet Earth Slide modified from presentation by George Siscoe at First IHY Planning Workshop, NSO, Sacramento Peak, NM

4. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)4 IHY is Natural Evolution of IGY Synoptic observations and Global processes on solar system scale –Unprecedented international fleet of spacecraft located throughout the heliosphere –Networks of sophisticated ground based observatories

5. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)5 Objectives Develop the basic science of heliophysics through cross- disciplinary studies of universal processes. Promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium - the new frontier. Foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future. Preserve the history and legacy of the IGY on its 50th Anniversary. Communicate unique IHY results to the scientific community and the general public.

6. IHY (http://ihy2007.org) 6 X ray bright points Solar active regions G,K & M dwarfs T Tauri stars Convective envelope Pevtsov et al., 2003 Universal Process Exemplars X ray bright points Solar active regions G,K & M dwarfs T Tauri stars Convective envelope Pevtsov et al., 2003 X ray bright points Solar active regions G,K & M dwarfs T Tauri stars Convective envelope Pevtsov et al., 2003 X ray bright points Solar active regions G,K & M dwarfs T Tauri stars Convective envelope Pevtsov et al., 2003 Typical Energy Shock Speed Planetary Aurorae Particle Acceleration X-ray Emission Universal Heliophysical Processes Meetings IAU Symposiurm, Ioannia Greece, Sep 15-19, 2008 Chapman Conference, Charleston, SC, Nov 10-14, 2008

7. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)7 Four Elements of the IHY Program Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs) –Scientific Research Distributed small instrument program –New observational capability Education, outreach –Promoting space science IGY History preservation –Preserving the history of space physics Science HistoryOutreach Distributed Instruments See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information. Science History Outreach Distributed Instruments

8. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)8 IHY Outreach Teacher workshops in conjunction with major meetings Translation of educational materials World-wide Observatory open doors day Yuris night US, India, Brazil, Africa, China Summer schools Science outreach in Islamic countries

9. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)9 Four Elements of the IHY Program Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs) –Scientific Research Distributed small instrument program –New observational capability Education, outreach –Promoting space science IGY History preservation –Preserving the history of space physics Science History Outreach Distributed Instruments See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information.

10. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)10 History - IGY Gold Program Sponsored by IUGG Managed by IHY for all International Years –Certificates available in IHY, IPY, eGY, and Planet Earth formats Recipient must –Have participated in the IGY in some capacity –Provide an artifact of historical interest –Agree to have name made public on website

11. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)11 Four Elements of the IHY Program Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs) –Scientific Research Distributed small instrument program –New observational capability Education, outreach –Promoting space science IGY History preservation –Preserving the history of space physics Science HistoryOutreach Distributed Instruments See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information.

12. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)12 CIPs (Coordinated Investigation Programs) Richard Stamper (RAL) is CIP coordinator Regional representatives to nominate Discipline planners in following categories –Solar –Heliosphere –ITM –Magnetosphere –Climate –Heliobiology 65 CIPS currently in process Registration Required to enter CIP

13. Whole Heliospheric Interval (WHI) IHY (http://ihy2007.org)13 Primary Goals: Characterize the 3-D solar minimum heliosphere Trace the effects of solar structure and activity through the solar wind to the Earth and other planetary systems WHI takes advantage of new capabilities in observations and models to advance our understanding of the 3-D interconnected heliophysical system. The campaign will begin with the origins of solar structure and variability and will trace their impact to the outer reaches of the heliosphere. Go the IHY Website to join and for additional information !

14. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)14 Four Elements of the IHY Program Coordinated Investigation Programs (CIPs) –Scientific Research Distributed small instrument program –New observational capability Education, outreach –Promoting space science IGY History preservation –Preserving the history of space physics Science HistoryOutreach Distributed Instruments See website at http://ihy2007.org for more information.

15. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)15 IHY-UN Instrument Program Placing small inexpensive instruments in new geographical locations can provide new science Distributed observatories can continue to provide useful data after the IHY The lead scientist or principle investigator will provide instrumentation (or fabrication plans) for the instruments in the array Host country provides operation support All science shared within team Partnerships established at IHY-UN Workshops UN committed until 2010 – still time to participate!

16. Active Instrument Programs IHY (http://ihy2007.org)16 INSTRUMENTCONTACTSTATUS 1CALLISTOC. Monstein (Switzerland)Deployed in India, others in progress 2H-alpha TelescopeK. Shibata, S. Ueno (Japan)First observatory operating in Chile 3MAGDAS MagnetometersK. Yumoto (Japan)Deployed in Malaysia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Ivory Coast 4GPS ScintillationsC. Amory-Mazaudier (France), and T. Rowell (USA) More than 25 new installations across Africa (see map) 5SCINDA GPSK. Groves (USA)Deployed in Cape Verde, Nigeria, others in progress 6CIDRT. Garner (USA)4-instrument chain planned for Egypt 7VLF RadioU. Inan (USA)Installed in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia 8RENOIRJ. Makela (USA)Instrument funding obtained, instrument development in progress 9SEVAN Particle DetectorsA. Chillingarian (Armenia)Instrument for Bulgaria being fabricated 10AMBER-AGREESE. Yizengaw (USA)In progress 11SAVNETJ.-P. Raulin (Brazil)Instrument funding obtained 12Low-cost IonosondeJ. Bradford (UK)Seeking instrument funding 13IHY MagI. Mann (Canada)Seeking instrument funding 14Low-frequency Radio ArrayJ. Kasper (USA)In progress 15Muon NetworkK. Munakata (Japan)In progress

17. IHY (http://ihy2007.org)17 Ionosphere AWESOME space weather monitors are being deployed worldwide. Instruments were installed in Turkey, Algeria and Morocco, Libya, Egypt, UAE, and South Africa. The RENOIR ionospheric observing station program has received support for development, and will be making plans for instrument host sites later this year (Cape Verde). SCINDA, AMMA, and CIDR for TEC and scintillation measurements, Cape Verde & Ethiopia meetings organized. Magnetometers IHY-Japan has made significant progress towards the completion of its 51- magnetometer MAGDAS global network with a new installation site on MacQuarie Island, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Malaysia. AMBER Magnetometer network funded

18. SEVAN IHY (http://ihy2007.org)18 Armenian SEVAN energetic particle detectors deployed in Croatia & Bulgaria Measures particle anisotropy to predict CME arrival

19. CALLISTO A low cost radio spectrometer provided by the Swiss Continuous spectral observation solar-radio (flare) activity at meter- and decimeter wavelengths. Distributed at different longitudes –India, Switzerland, Mexico, Korea IHY (http://ihy2007.org)19

20. SAVNET VLF receiver network Coverage over Puerto Rico The deployment Latin- American SAVNET VLF receiver chain began in 2006 with the target of being operational this year Ionospheric electron precipitation, lightning IHY (http://ihy2007.org)20

21. Summary Universal processes underlie space weather IHY outreach and history programs have contributed to a better public understanding of space science IHY will leave a legacy of instrumentation networks that can provide unique data sets for years to come IHY (http://ihy2007.org)21