1. APD, Introduction Victor Rykalin
11/7/2018
APD, Introduction Victor Rykalin
Victor Rykalin

2. Content APD Electronics Power supply Box Final table Recommendations
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

3. APD and PMT advantages disadvantages Compact
Insensitive to magnetic field
Higher QE over wider spectral range
faster, shorter transit time
cheaper
simpler gain calibration
Smaller sensitive area
still noisier than PMT
need smart preamplifier
larger temperature dependence
optical coupling nontrivial !!!
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

4. APD (Classics)
100um .5
MRS,
Si PM
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Victor Rykalin

5. Vendors
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Victor Rykalin

6. General S/N(150) ~ 1.5 real Gain 1.1 - 10E(6) QE 12% - 85 % (500 nm)
11/7/2018
General
Gain E(6)
QE % % (500 nm)
Gain Temperature Coefficient (-15°to +40°) %/°C
Bulk current TC ( ) %/C
Noise SQRT(I bulk)
Signal/Noise
S/N= {(N2sig * G2 )/(Noise)2}
(Noise=Noise(T,C,G,time,F)
Noise2=Noise2(electronics)+Noise(bulk)2
MIP, QE=80%, Nsig= 40 PE, G=150, =100 ns, T=25 C Ib = 1nA Noise(electronics)=2000e rms, S/N(150) ~ 2.7 est.
S/N(150) ~ 1.5 real
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin
Victor Rykalin

7. HAMAMATSU
Gain
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Victor Rykalin

8. Hamamatsu
~500
80 %
500 nm
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Victor Rykalin

9. RMD
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Victor Rykalin

10. RMD
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Victor Rykalin

11. MRS or Si PM (there is no commercial information)
Gain 106
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Victor Rykalin

12. MRS or Si PMT and VLPC
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Victor Rykalin

13. Electronics CMS(HCAL) = 0.4mV/fq
60 channels, 150 ns (base), ENC(20pF)~1000e rms
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Victor Rykalin

14. Electronics QP02 k = 7mV/fq
32 channels, 40 ns (base), ENC(20 pF)=2000 rms
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Victor Rykalin

15. Circuit suggestions for APD1
Preamp.
- HV
Ground 2
+HV
Preamp.
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Victor Rykalin

16. Power supplies
Ripple (5 mV and less)
dIk=dU/R dIk=5 mV/5 k dIk=1uA dIb(signal)=50*0.8*500*q/10ns=>dIk(signal)= =320nA*B=32uA, 1/32*100 = 3%
J4-2p, J4-2n HV, S7001 low voltage seems to be an appropriate approach.
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

17. HV power supply J4-2P and J4-2N from Matsusada Precision Inc.
2P – positive 2000V, 2N – negative 2kV. Ripple of 2mV. 2mA output current.
Voltage regulated by multi-turn built-in potentiometer or remotely.
Recommended for APD.
Non-standard size.
Current price as of 3/26/2003 is $ (on picture it’s the left unit)
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

18. Low voltage power supply
S7-001 Herbach&Rademan power supply (
0 - ±30V (positive and negative simultaneously, 0.5mV ripple RMS. Current limit 5A.
Regulated. Dual Panel meters.
Current price is $238.95
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

19. Box Low-cost – about $35 per each element or less
Allows good temperature control, as precise as 0.1 degree at around 20oC,
Performance and precision somewhat degrade at negative temperatures because the element will require a large current ( 5A) in that range, which is not easy to control.
#13
This is an “artistic” representation of the box that will have APD inside and the box with pre-amplifier (which is not being cooled as of current scheme but the ability to do this has been integrated into this particular design).
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

20. Final table
* B. Dolgoshein An Advanced Study of Silicon PM ICFA IB
**A. Bross et all. Fermilab FN
*** Rykalin V. NICADD presentation
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin

21. Recommendations HAMAMATSU QP02 S/N ~ 3 RMD QP02 S/N ~ 10
MRS or Si PM CMS(HCAL)S/N ~ 6
J4-2P,2N High voltage,S7-001 low voltage
Box with Peltier pads cooling
Circuit is our choice
11/7/2018
Victor Rykalin