1. DNA & RNA 1) DNA Basics 2) DNA Structure & Function 3) DNA Replication
4) RNA Structure & Function
5) Comparing DNA & RNA

2. Organization of DNA inside the cell:
Nucleus
Chromosome
DNA
Genes
(top)
1) DNA Basics
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid, and is the instructions for
making proteins.
DNA is stored in the nucleus. It is wrapped tightly around
proteins called histones to form structures called chromosomes.
DNA contains many genes, each controlling the production of
one protein.
(bottom)

3. STRUCTURE of DNA: 2) DNA Structure & Function (top)
Shade or circle the following parts in the given color:
Green= Phosphate Group
Red= Sugar
Blue=Nitrogenous bases
Yellow=Nucleotide
Purple= Sugar-Phosphate backbone
DNA has a DOUBLE HELIX shape!!!

4. FUNCTION of DNA: 2) DNA Structure & Function (bottom)
DNA stores the genetic material.
internal code of nitrogenous bases
double stranded sugar-phosphate
backbone protect the code
coiled tightly to allow for more
surface area  meaning more room
to store genetic code
DNA passes traits to the next generation.
nitrogen bases are complementary
A and T pair together
G and C pair together
weak hydrogen bonds hold bases
together- allow for ease during
replication

5. #1 #2 DNA Replication 3) DNA Replication (top)
Color the following in picture #1:
Green= Parent Strand
Yellow= Complementary
Strand #1
Outline the following: in picture #2:
Red = Leading
strand
Blue = Lagging #2

6. 3) DNA Replication (bottom)
LEADING STRAND
3. Elongation enzyme DNA polymerase reads template strand and continuously adds new nucleotides that are complementary to the parent strand
1. DNA unwinds with help of an enzyme, helicase, this breaks weak hydrogen bonds between bases
2. The enzyme primase attached to the parent strand, this helps bind (attach) new nucleotides
4. DNA primers are removed & DNA ligase adds sugars and phosphates in gaps made by fragments
5. DNA Termination
LAGGING STRAND
3. DNA primase adds more primers, DNA is elongated in short segments (Okazki fragments) by DNA polymerase.
6. DNA repairs itself

7. 4) RNA Structure & Function (top)
Types of RNA:
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

8. 4) RNA Structure & Function (top)
Type of RNA:
Function:
mRNA
“messenger”
makes a copy of DNA in the nucleus
travels from nucleus  cytoplasm 
ribosome
bases in mRNA are read in sets of 3
bases called codons
rRNA
“ribosomal”
“home” of protein synthesis= mRNA
brings code, tRNA brings amino acids
and rRNA puts the two together to
make protein
tRNA
“transfer”
gathers amino acids
travels to the ribosome
contains a set of 3 bases in tRNA
(anticodon)

9. 5) Comparing DNA & RNA (top)

10. Draw & Complete the following Venn Diagram:
5) Comparing DNA & RNA (bottom)
Draw & Complete the following Venn Diagram:
DNA
RNA