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Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic acids function as genetic material.
Information storage Genes are recipes for building proteins. DNA RNA proteins Information transfer Nucleic acids carry the instructions for making the new cells needed for growth, repair, and reproduction.
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Storage Transfer DNA RNA proteins
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Nucleic Acids Structure: Examples: monomers = nucleotides
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) double helix RNA (ribonucleic acid) single helix
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Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C)
ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO4) group DNA & RNA are negatively charged: Don’t cross membranes. Contain DNA within nucleus Need help transporting mRNA across nuclear envelope. Also use this property in gel electrophoresis.
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Nucleotide Monomers Form Polymers
DNA/RNA Backbone Sugars bond to phosphates Nitrogen bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone.
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Pairing of DNA Nucleotides
Nucleotides hydrogen bond between DNA strands to form a “double helix.” A = T (2 hydrogen bonds) G Ξ C (3 hydrogen bonds) The 2 strands are complementary. One becomes the template of the other & each can be a template to recreate the whole molecule.
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Macromolecule Review
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Carbohydrates Structure / monomer Function Examples monosaccharide
energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen
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Lipids Structure / building block Function Examples
glycerol, fatty acid, cholesterol, H-C chains Function energy storage membranes hormones Examples fat, phospholipids, steroids
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Proteins Structure / monomer Function Examples amino acids
levels of structure Function enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin
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Nucleic acids Structure / monomer Function Examples nucleotide
information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA
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