1. Rocks & The Rock Cycle

2. Take it one step at a time.

3. The Earth Core = magma (molten rock) Outside = solid rock
Magma kept hot by nuclear reactions.

4. Getting To The Surface
MAGMA

5. Volcanoes
MAGMA
IGNEOUS ROCK
Quick Cooling
Extrusive

6. Cooling Underground
MAGMA
Slow Cooling
Intrusive

7. Cooling Off Slow cooling Crystals have time to grow Fast cooling
No time to grow crystals
Can get single metal crystals.
Can get metallic glass – talk about ribbons.
Glass is a liquid – no structure.
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS

8. Weathering & Erosion BIG ROCKS lots of little rocks

9. Little Rocks

10. Sedimentary Rocks Suspension Sedimentation
Can also be little bits of coral, sea shells, etc.
Compression causes mineral salts to cement rock together
Oldest layer at the bottom.
Rock forms under compression

11. THIS TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS!!!
Fossils
THIS TAKES MILLIONS OF YEARS!!!
Animal will be squashed.

12. Pushed, Shoved, And Heated
PRESSURE FROM MOVEMENTS IN THE CRUST
METAMORPHIC
Changes structure
Ceramic pots
Marble as the metamorphic version of chalk
HEAT

13. The Rock Cycle Revisited

14. Rocks and the rock cycle
The rock cycle is a set of processes through which different kinds of rocks are formed and change into each other.
The three main kinds of rock are:
Igneous (Intrusive & Extrusive)
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Powering the rock cycle is magma (molten rock), and the movement of the tectonic plates (continental plates) on the Earth’s crust.

15. Igneous rocks Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling of magma.
Magma can cool quickly, during a volcanic eruption, forming extrusive igneous rocks which have small crystals or are glassy.
Magma can cool slowly underground, forming intrusive igneous rocks, which have large crystals.

16. Sedimentary rocks
Rocks get weathered and broken into small pieces. They are then washed to the sea, where they form a suspension.
The suspension of rock particles settles on the sea bed, forming a layer of sediment.
Layers of sediment build on top of each other, squeezing the bottom layer with their weight.
Under this pressure, the sediment sticks together and forms sedimentary rocks.

17. Metamorphic rocks
Sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are squeezed underground by movements in the Earth’s crust.
The combination of pressure (from squeezing), and heat (from being close to magma) causes these rocks to change structure, turning into metamorphic rocks.