1. Rock Cycle Notes

2. Rock – earth material made up of minerals and organic matter (remains of once living organisms) Rock Cycle – a continuous process by which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again.

3. 3 Types of Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

4. Igneous Rocks Formed from molten material (magma)
Classification: Extrusive or Intrusive
Extrusive igneous rock- comes out of a volcano, has small crystal grains because it cools QUICKLY
Intrusive igneous rock- does not come out of the crust, cools SLOWLY underground so crystals have time to form and grow

5. Extrusive Igneous Rock (Obsidian) Intrusive Igneous Rock (Granite)
EXAMPLES
Extrusive Igneous Rock
(Obsidian)
Intrusive Igneous Rock
(Granite)

6. Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition
Weathering – break down of rocks Erosion – process in which rocks are transported from one location to another location by wind, water, or ice Deposition – geological process by which sediments, soil, and rocks are added to a landform or landmass

7. Sedimentary Rocks
All types of rocks can be worn away by water and wind (weathering). Erosion is where the weathered bits are carried away. Deposition occurs when the weathered bits are dropped.

8. Sedimentary Rocks
The weathered bits are carried away by water and are dropped out as the water flows. The biggest particles drop out first. This is how sediments build up and accumulate.
Lithification – process by which sediments compact under pressure to form rock
Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments and weathered rocks

9. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Fossil formations are only found in sedimentary rock
Conglomerate: has large pebbles cemented together
Sandstone will have a gritty texture & can have layered stripes

10. Formed by heat and pressure
Metamorphic Rocks
Formed by heat and pressure
Can occur at subduction zones (where one crustal plate slides underneath another) or in close proximity to a magma chamber
There will be a change in the texture (appearance of rock) because the increased temperature and pressure causes minerals in the rock to become rearranged.

11. Magma chamber
Types of subduction zones

12. Metamorphic rock
Marble is formed when limestone is exposed to heat & pressure.
Gneiss is a type of foliated (bands/stripes) metamorphic rock. It forms when granite is exposed to heat and pressure.